Terms : Hide Images
| 13360068894 | cognition | it broadly refers to mental processes or thinking | 0 | |
| 13360068895 | introspection | the analysis of one's own conscious experience | 1 | |
| 13360068896 | language | it consists of symbol that convey meaning, plus rules for the combination of those symbols, that can be used to generate infinite variety of messages | 2 | |
| 13360068897 | phonemes | the smallest speech units in a language that can be distinguished perceptually | 3 | |
| 13360068898 | morphemes | the smallest units of meaning in a language | 4 | |
| 13360068899 | semantics | the area of language concerned with understanding the meaning of words and word combinations | 5 | |
| 13360068900 | syntax | a system of rules that specify how words can be arranged into sentences | 6 | |
| 13360068901 | fast mapping | the process by which children map a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure | 7 | |
| 13360068902 | overextension | this occurs when a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions than it is meant to | 8 | |
| 13360068903 | underextension | this occurs when a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a narrower set of objects than it is meant to | 9 | |
| 13360068904 | telegraphic speech | it consists mainly of content words; articles, prepositions, and other less critical words are omitted | 10 | |
| 13360068905 | overregularization | this occurs when grammatical rules are incorrectly generalized to irregular cases where they do not apply | 11 | |
| 13360068906 | metalinguistic awareness | the ability to reflect on the use of language | 12 | |
| 13360068907 | bilingualism | the acquisition of two languages that use different speech sounds, vocabulary, and grammatical rules | 13 | |
| 13360068908 | language acquisition device (LAD) | an innate mechanism or process that facilitates the learning of language | 14 | |
| 13360068909 | interactionist theory | a theory that asserts that biology and experience make important contributions to the development of language | 15 | |
| 13360068910 | emergentist theory | a theory that argues that the neural circuits supporting language are not prewired but emerge gradually in response to language-learning experiences | 16 | |
| 13360068911 | linguistic relativity | the hypothesis that one's language determines the nature of one's thought | 17 | |
| 13360068912 | problem solving | this refers to active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable | 18 | |
| 13360068913 | functional fixedness | the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use | 19 | |
| 13360068914 | mental set | when people persist in using problem solving strategies that have worked in the past | 20 | |
| 13360068915 | insight | this occurs when people suddenly discover the correct solution to a problem after struggling with it for a while | 21 | |
| 13360068916 | problem space | the set of possible pathways to a solution considered by the problem solver | 22 | |
| 13360068917 | trial and error | it involves trying possible solutions and discarding those that are in error until one works | 23 | |
| 13360068918 | algorithm | a methodical, step-by-step procedure for trying all possible alternatives in searching for a solution to a problem | 24 | |
| 13360068919 | subgoals | intermediate steps used to get to a solution | 25 | |
| 13360068920 | heuristic | a guiding principle or "rule of thumb" used in solving problems or making decisions | 26 | |
| 13360068921 | incubation effect | this occurs when new solutions surface for a previously unsolved problem after a period of not consciously thinking about the problem | 27 | |
| 13360068922 | holistic cognitive style | this problem solving style focuses on context and relationships among elements in a field; seeing the whole of the parts | 28 | |
| 13360068923 | analytical cognitive style | this problem solving style focuses on objects and their properties rather than their context; seeing the parts of a whole | 29 | |
| 13360068924 | decision making | evaluating alternatives and making choices among them | 30 | |
| 13360068925 | theory of bounded rationality | this theory asserts that people tend to use simple strategies in decision making that focus only on a few facets of available options and often result in "irrational" decisions that are less than optimal | 31 | |
| 13360068926 | risky decision making | making choices under conditions of uncertainty | 32 | |
| 13360068927 | subjective utility | it represents what an outcome is personally worth to an individual | 33 | |
| 13360068928 | availability heuristic | basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind | 34 | |
| 13360068929 | representativeness heuristic | basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event | 35 | |
| 13360068930 | conjunction fallacy | when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening | 36 | |
| 13360068931 | dual process theory | a theory that people depend on two very different modes of thinking when making decisions | 37 | |
| 13360068932 | gambler's fallacy | the belief that the odds of a chance event increase if the event hasn't occurred recently | 38 | |
| 13360068933 | confirmation bias | the tendency to only seek information that is likely to support one's decisions and beliefs | 39 | |
| 13360068934 | framing | how decision issues are posed or how choices are structured | 40 | |
| 13360068935 | semantic slanting | deliberately choosing words to create specific emotional responses | 41 |
