Terms : Hide Images
| 4890846 | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | cognition | |
| 4890847 | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. | concept | |
| 4890848 | a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin). | prototype | |
| 4890849 | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier-- but also more error-prone—use of heuristics. | algorithm | |
| 4890850 | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. | heuristic | |
| 4890851 | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. | insight | |
| 4890852 | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions. | confirmation bias | |
| 4890853 | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving. | fixation | |
| 4890854 | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. | mental set | |
| 4890855 | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. | functional fixedness | |
| 4890856 | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information. | representativeness heuristic | |
| 4890857 | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. | availability heuristic | |
| 4890858 | the tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments. | overconfidence | |
| 4890859 | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. | framing | |
| 4890860 | the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid. | belief bias | |
| 4890861 | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. | belief perseverance | |
| 5143135 | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. | language | |
| 5143136 | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. | phoneme | |
| 5143137 | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). | morpheme | |
| 5143138 | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. | grammar | |
| 5143139 | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. | syntax | |
| 5143140 | at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language. | babbling stage | |
| 5143141 | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--"go car"--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words. | telegraphic speech | |
| 5143142 | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. | linguistic determinism | |
| 112649028 | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning. | semantics | |
| 112649029 | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words. | one-word stage | |
| 112649030 | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements. | two-word stage |
