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| 8775306795 | Cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | 0 | |
| 8775306796 | Concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | 1 | |
| 8775306797 | Prototype | a mental image or best example of a category | 2 | |
| 8775306798 | Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem | 3 | |
| 8775306799 | Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 398) | 4 | |
| 8775306800 | Insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem | 5 | |
| 8775306801 | Confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions | 6 | |
| 8775306802 | Fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving | 7 | |
| 8775306803 | Mental set | A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem | 8 | |
| 8775306804 | Belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. | 9 | |
| 8775306805 | Intuition | knowing or sensing something without the use of reason; an insight | 10 | |
| 8775306806 | Functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving | 11 | |
| 8775306807 | Representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information | 12 | |
| 8775306808 | Availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common | 13 | |
| 8775306809 | Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments | 14 | |
| 8775306810 | Framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments | 15 | |
| 8775306811 | Belief bias | the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid | 16 | |
| 8775306812 | Language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | 17 | |
| 8775306813 | Phoneme | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit | 18 | |
| 8775306814 | Morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) | 19 | |
| 8775306815 | Grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | 20 | |
| 8775306816 | Semantics | The study of meaning in language. | 21 | |
| 8775306817 | Syntax | studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences | 22 | |
| 8775306818 | Babbling stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language | 23 | |
| 8775306819 | One-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about 1 to 2, during which a childspeaks mostly in single words. | 24 | |
| 8775306820 | Two-word stage | Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements. | 25 | |
| 8775306821 | Telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words | 26 | |
| 8775306822 | Aphasia | impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to wernicke's area (impairing understanding) | 27 | |
| 8775306823 | Broca's area | controls language expression-an aread of the frontal, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech | 28 | |
| 8775306824 | Wernicke's area | controls language reception-a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression;usually in the left temporal lobe | 29 | |
| 8775306825 | Linguistic relativity | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 30 | |
| 8775321883 | Intelligence Tests | psychological tests that are designed to measure a variety of mental functions, such as reasoning, comprehension, and judgment. | 31 | |
| 8775343869 | Aptitude Tests | These predict your future performance or ability to learn a new skill. Ex.. College Entrance Exam | 32 | |
| 8775350953 | Achievement Tests | These assess your current knowledge or what you know. Ex...Final Exams | 33 | |
| 8775364035 | Alfred Binet | He developed the first practical IQ test, the Binet-Simon test. | 34 | |
| 8775379793 | Lewis Terman | He is best known for his revision of the Stanford-Binet IQ test and for initiating the longitudinal study of children. | 35 | |
| 8775438669 | Mental Retardation | Condition of limited mental ability as indicated by an intelligence score of below 70 and produces difficulty in adapting to demands of life. | 36 | |
| 8775465494 | Multiple Intelligences | Theory developed by Howard Gardner that states that their are seven distinct intelligence's or "multiple intelligence's that people can have. | 37 | |
| 8775507333 | Charles Spearmen | He worked with human intelligence, including his theory that disparate cognitive test scores reflect a single General intelligence factor and coined the term g factor. | 38 | |
| 8775525375 | Benjamin Whorf | He developed the idea that differences between the structures of different languages shape how their speakers perceive and conceptualize the world. | 39 |
