Terms : Hide Images
| 12602391153 | developmental psychology | a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span | 0 | |
| 12602392811 | Zygote | the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo | 1 | |
| 12602392813 | embryo | the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month | 2 | |
| 12602394263 | fetus | the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth | 3 | |
| 12602404017 | Teratogens | agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm | 4 | |
| 12602404018 | amniotic sac | a fluid-filled sac that cushions and protects a developing embryo and fetus in the uterus | 5 | |
| 12602404961 | fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) | physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial disproportions | 6 | |
| 12602409696 | grasping reflex | an infant's clinging response to a touch on the palm of his or her hand | 7 | |
| 12602410489 | startle reflex | response that one makes after a sudden, unexpected loud noise or similar sudden stimulus | 8 | |
| 12602411734 | rooting reflex | a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple | 9 | |
| 12602415007 | Habituation | decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. | 10 | |
| 12602421208 | infantile amnesia | the inability to remember events from early childhood | 11 | |
| 12602423243 | emerging adulthood | for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood | 12 | |
| 12602427173 | Jean Piaget | He came up with the four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor, 2. preoperational, 3. concrete operational, and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation | 13 | |
| 12602432478 | Assimilation | interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schema | 14 | |
| 12602433592 | accommodation | adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information | 15 | |
| 12602437257 | sensorimotor stage | in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities | 16 | |
| 12602437258 | preoperational stage | in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic | 17 | |
| 12602438498 | concrete operational stage | in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events | 18 | |
| 12602438499 | formal operational stage | in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts | 19 | |
| 12602439315 | object permanence | the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived | 20 | |
| 12602441864 | Egocentrism | in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view | 21 | |
| 12602441865 | Centration | in Piaget's theory, the tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features | 22 | |
| 12602443328 | conservation | the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects | 23 | |
| 12602445431 | theory of mind | ability to reason about what other people know or believe | 24 | |
| 12602449969 | Lev Vygotsky | child development; investigated how culture & interpersonal communication guide development; zone of proximal development; play research | 25 | |
| 12602449970 | zone of proximal development | phase of learning during which children can benefit from instruction | 26 | |
| 12602456920 | Lawrence Kohlberg | Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemmas in assessment | 27 | |
| 12602461222 | preconventional morality | first level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by the consequences of the behavior | 28 | |
| 12602461223 | conventional morality | second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of behavior | 29 | |
| 12602463164 | postconventional morality | actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles | 30 | |
| 12602465037 | stranger anxiety | the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age | 31 | |
| 12602466093 | attachment | an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation | 32 | |
| 12602466094 | Harry Harlow | Studied attachment in monkeys with artificial mothers | 33 | |
| 12602472368 | Imprinting | the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life | 34 | |
| 12602474473 | secure attachment | attachments rooted in trust and marked by intimacy | 35 | |
| 12602476075 | insecure attachment | attachments marked by anxiety or ambivalence | 36 | |
| 12602478869 | Erik Erikson | neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?" | 37 | |
| 12602485887 | self-concept | all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?" | 38 | |
| 12602486828 | self-esteem | one's feelings of high or low self-worth | 39 | |
| 12602497869 | authoritarian parenting | style of parenting in which parent is rigid and overly strict, showing little warmth to the child | 40 | |
| 12602499396 | authoritative parenting | parenting style characterized by emotional warmth, high standards for behavior, explanation and consistent enforcement of rules, and inclusion of children in decision making | 41 | |
| 12602499397 | permissive parenting | A parenting style characterized by the placement of few limits on the child's behavior. | 42 | |
| 12602504412 | midlife transition | a period in middle adulthood when a person's perspective on his or her life may change significantly | 43 | |
| 12602504413 | social clock | the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement | 44 | |
| 12602516841 | Trust vs. Mistrust | Erikson's first stage during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm manner | 45 | |
| 12602518070 | Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt | Erikson's stage in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt | 46 | |
| 12602518072 | Initiative vs. Guilt | Erikson's third stage in which the child finds independence in planning, playing and other activities | 47 | |
| 12602519076 | Industry vs. Inferiority | Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child learns to be productive | 48 | |
| 12602520547 | identity vs. role confusion | Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves | 49 | |
| 12602521702 | Intimacy v. Isolation | 6th stage in Erikson's model; young adults must form close, satisfying relationships or suffer loneliness | 50 | |
| 12602528507 | Generativity vs. Stagnation | Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service | 51 | |
| 12602531276 | ego identity vs despair | Erikson's stage of retirement years, reflection and acceptance of ones life. Culmination is a sense of fulfillment and acceptance or oneself as one is | 52 | |
| 12602534853 | sex | the biological distinction between females and males | 53 | |
| 12602536259 | Gender | in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female | 54 | |
| 12602538668 | gender identity | our sense of being male or female | 55 | |
| 12602538669 | sexual orientation | an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation) | 56 |
