Terms : Hide Images
| 7938707859 | cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |  | 0 |
| 7938707860 | concepts | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |  | 1 |
| 7938707861 | prototypes | a mental image or best example of a category; matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototype bird, such as a robin) |  | 2 |
| 7938709473 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a praticular problem; contrasts with the usually speedier-but also more error prone- use of heuristics |  | 3 |
| 7938712627 | heuristics | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problem efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms |  | 4 |
| 7938712628 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions |  | 5 |
| 7938712629 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions |  | 6 |
| 7938713685 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving |  | 7 |
| 7938713724 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way that has been successful in the past |  | 8 |
| 7938715134 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving |  | 9 |
| 7938716180 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or math, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information |  | 10 |
| 7938716181 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common |  | 11 |
| 7938718716 | overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments |  | 12 |
| 7938718717 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments |  | 13 |
| 7938718718 | belief bias | the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid |  | 14 |
| 7938719804 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |  | 15 |
| 7938722558 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning |  | 16 |
| 7938722559 | phoneme | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit |  | 17 |
| 7938722560 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) |  | 18 |
| 7938722561 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others |  | 19 |
| 7938724190 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning |  | 20 |
| 7938724191 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language |  | 21 |
| 7938724192 | babbling stage | beginnings at about four months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to household language |  | 22 |
| 7938725205 | one-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words |  | 23 |
| 7938725206 | two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements |  | 24 |
| 7938725263 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram- "go car" - using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words |  | 25 |
| 7938726999 | linguistic determinism | different languages impose different conceptions of reality |  | 26 |
