Terms : Hide Images
| 9168139371 | cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | 0 | |
| 9168139372 | concept | a mental grouping of similar object. events, ideas or people | 1 | |
| 9168139373 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin) | 2 | |
| 9168139374 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrast with the usually speedier- but also more error-prone- use of heuristic | 3 | |
| 9168139375 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms | 4 | |
| 9168139376 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions | 5 | |
| 9168139377 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore the sort contradictory evidence | 6 | |
| 9168139378 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set | 7 | |
| 9168139379 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | 8 | |
| 9168139380 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving | 9 | |
| 9168139381 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information | 10 | |
| 9168139382 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability and memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common | 11 | |
| 9168139383 | overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements | 12 | |
| 9168139384 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial concept after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | 13 | |
| 9168139385 | intuition | an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning | 14 | |
| 9168139386 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is friend can significantly affect decisions and judgments | 15 | |
| 9168139387 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | 16 | |
| 9168139388 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit | 17 | |
| 9168139389 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word | 18 | |
| 9168139390 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | 19 | |
| 9168139391 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning | 20 | |
| 9168139392 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language | 21 | |
| 9168139393 | babbling stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which an infant utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language | 22 | |
| 9168139394 | one-word stage | the stage in speech development from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks in single words. | 23 | |
| 9168139395 | two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word sentences | 24 | |
| 9168139396 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs. | 25 | |
| 9168139397 | aphasia | impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding) | 26 | |
| 9168139398 | Broca's area | controls language expression- an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech | 27 | |
| 9168139399 | Wernicke's area | controls language reception- a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe | 28 | |
| 9168139400 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 29 |
