Terms : Hide Images
| 13662117347 | social psychology | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another Example: studying how peoples' behaviors change when they are in a room with their teachers rather than other students | 0 | |
| 13662117348 | attribution theory | the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition Example: someone's car breaks down on the highway and they believe it is because of their ignorance about cars | 1 | |
| 13662123352 | fundamental attribution error | the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition Example: when someone gets in a wreck, people tend to think it is because they are a bad driver | 2 | |
| 13662123353 | attitude | feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events Example: when a student becomes snappy and upset because of something their friend did to them | 3 | |
| 13662128358 | peripheral route persuasion | occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness Example: students being asked about two teachers, one more attractive than the other, and having to decide who is smarter: the more attractive one was decided as smarter | 4 | |
| 13662131036 | central route persuasion | occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts Example: if the students asked to determine who was smarter of two teachers focused on what they said and how they explained things | 5 | |
| 13662135203 | foot-in-the-door phenomenon | the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request Example: someone's sister asking them to watch her kids for an hour while she goes to the grocery store, and then asking the sister to watch the kids for a weekend while she goes to New York | 6 | |
| 13662135204 | role | a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave Example: gender roles such as men taking out the trash and mowing the lawn and women bearing children and cooking and cleaning | 7 | |
| 13662140189 | cognitive dissonance theory | the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent Example: when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes | 8 | |
| 13662140190 | norms | understood rules for accepted and expected behavior: norms prescribe "proper" behavior Example: a child is supposed to be quiet in class and raise their hands to ask or answer questions | 9 | |
| 13662140191 | conformity | adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard Example: refer to the image |  | 10 |
| 13662146748 | normative social influence | influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval Example: being peer pressured into going sky diving to avid being called a scaredy cat | 11 | |
| 13662150193 | informational social influence | influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality Example: when a person goes to a party with their friends and drinks even though they don't agree with it | 12 | |
| 13662155279 | social facilitation | improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others Example: a person running a race faster than when they run alone in their neighborhood | 13 | |
| 13662159019 | social loafing | the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable Example: refer to the image |  | 14 |
| 13662161240 | deindividuation | the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity Example: when a group of excited, rioting sports fan win a big game and do things they would never do alone such as graffiti | 15 | |
| 13662166178 | group polarization | the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group Example: after a discussion about racism, someone in the group who was racist defends their attitude more then they would have beforehand | 16 | |
| 13662166179 | groupthink | the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives Example: the Bays of Pigs invasion planned by the Eisenhower administration and carried out by the Kennedy administration | 17 | |
| 13662166180 | culture | the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next Example: the salsa dance in Mexico, huipil blouses and skirts in Mexico, and carnitas in Mexico represent this | 18 | |
| 13662171697 | prejudice | an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members: prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action Example: racial, gender, religious, etc. | 19 | |
| 13662171698 | stereotype | a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people Example: a woman is expected to know how to cook | 20 | |
| 13662174618 | discrimination | unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members Example: refer to the image |  | 21 |
| 13662174619 | just-world phenomenon | the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get Example: refer to the image |  | 22 |
| 13662177854 | ingroup | "us"—people with whom we share a common identity Example: Cady, Regina, Karen, and Gretchen from Mean Girls | 23 | |
| 13662181699 | outgroup | "them"- those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup Example: Janis from Mean Girls | 24 | |
| 13662181700 | ingroup bias | the tendency to favor our own group Example: refer to the image |  | 25 |
| 13662186417 | scapegoat therapy | the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame Example: my mom once misplaced her wedding ring in a toy bin, and she blamed me for losing the rings | 26 | |
| 13662186418 | other-race effect | the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races Example: a white teacher who is better remembering white students faces rather than black students faces or mixing up the names of the black students | 27 | |
| 13662189528 | aggression | any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally Example: a girl during a soccer game making jokes about the other team, kicking the ball at their face, and kicking their shins where the shinguards do not cover | 28 | |
| 13662194061 | frustration-aggression principle | the principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression Example: when a soccer play gets frustrated with the refs because they are making unfair calls for the other team and becomes angry and tackles a girl on the other team | 29 | |
| 13662194062 | social script | a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations Example: a student goes by a handbook for how to act in class, including dress code, what do do in case of a fire, to be quiet while the teacher is talking, etc. | 30 | |
| 13662199020 | mere exposure effect | the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them Example: when you first hear a song and hate it, then you listen to it so much that you like it | 31 | |
| 13662201713 | passionate love | an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship Example: when two people in a relationship love spending time with one another and have had any fights and think the world of one another | 32 | |
| 13662201714 | compassionate love | the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined Example: the love children have for their parents | 33 | |
| 13662205271 | equity | a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it Example: refer to the image |  | 34 |
| 13662205272 | self-disclosure | the act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others Example: someone talking about their deepest, darkest secrets to their friends | 35 | |
| 13662208303 | altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of others Example: Superman and other heroes | 36 | |
| 13662208304 | bystander effect | the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present Example: refer to the image |  | 37 |
| 13662212251 | social exchange theory | the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs Example: refer to the image |  | 38 |
| 13662231498 | reciprocity norm | an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them Example: a person helping out a friend with their science homework who recently helped them with their math homework | 39 | |
| 13662235843 | social-responsibility norm | an expectation that people will help those needing their help Example: refer to the image |  | 40 |
| 13662235844 | conflict | a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas Example: when a girl wants to have kids but her significant other doesn't want kids | 41 | |
| 13662238656 | social trap | a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior Example: refer to the image |  | 42 |
| 13662241739 | mirror-image perceptions | mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive Example: refer to the image |  | 43 |
| 13662244204 | self-fulfilling prophecy | a belief that leads to its own fulfillment Example: the team believing that they will win, and then the team winning | 44 | |
| 13662248795 | superordinate goals | shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation Example: people who all want to graduate even though they don't agree on everything working out who should be the commencement speaker | 45 | |
| 13662248796 | GRIT | Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions Example: not relative to the term | 46 |
