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AP Psychology Unit 2 Flashcards

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7561456634Tripartite TheoryId/Pleasure Principle Ego/ Reality Principle Superego/Morality Principle0
7561457628IdBasic needs and desires1
7561458682EgoBalances Id/ superego impulses2
7561458683SuperegoOrigin of morals. Strives for perfection3
7561461724RepressionOne's ego prevents one's desires from the id occurring, due to conditions like our environment. Then our mind "bottles" them up and never thinks about them again4
7561462659RegressionOne reverts back to a similar behavior as they once did as a child5
7561464559RationalizationOne creates excuses for their own actions to avoid the true cause6
7561468120DenialTo reject the idea that one committed an action or thought to prevent feelings of guilt and distress7
7561468550Reaction FormationWhen one's desires conflict with one's ego, their action may be opposite of the desire8
7561469626DisplacementOne represses fear, affection, and impulses for someone, and then release onto someone else9
7561471252ProjectionWhen one has desires that cause stress, they will project these ideas onto someone else to avoid dealing with the stress themself.10
7561471927SublimationOne transfers negative energy into positive energy to help anxiety11
7561473829Oral(Birth - 18 months) focus on biting and sucking12
7561475076Anal(18 months - 3 yrs) Focusing on expelling and retaining feces Anal Retentive - OCD Anal Expulsive - Slob13
7561488856Phallic(3 yrs - 6 yrs) Obsession with genitals Oedipal Complex - Boy desires mother and emulates father Castration Anxiety - Fear father will castrate Electra complex - Girl have "penis envy" and fascinated by father14
7561498375Latency (6 yrs - Puberty)Extreme repression of sexual urges (dormancy)15
7561500030Genital (Puberty ->)Reinstatement of sexuality, focus on genitals and heterosexual relationships16
7561502755Electra ComplexGirls have "penis envy" and fascinated by Father. "Daddy's Little Girl"17
7561502756Penis EnvySupposed envy of the male's possession of a penis, postulated by Freud to account for some aspects of female behavior18
7561503417Free AssociationFirst thing comes to mind - true beliefs19
7561505197Freudian SlipSlips of the tongue - reveals what the Id wants20
7561506772Oedipal ComplexBoy desires mother and emulates Father21
7561508145FixationsAn obsessive interest in or feeling about someone or something.22
7561509434Carl Jung-Collective Unconscious- the hypothesized part of the unconscious mind that is inherited from previous generations and that contains universally shared ancestral experiences and ideas -Archetypes- the inherited mental images of universal human instincts, themes, and preoccupations that are the main components of the collective unconscious23
7561511193Alfred AdlerStriving For Superiority- Describes actions of people who are motivated by highly developed social interest. Inferiority Complex- Feelings of lack of worth Compensation-psychological defense mechanism in which a person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another area24
7561511628Karen HorneyBasic Anxiety- An emotion that gives a sense of uncertainty and loneliness, in a hostile would can lead to maladjustment Womb Envy- male equivalent of penis envy, males are jealous of females ability to create and sustain life25
7561513421Sigmund Freud-Effects of conscious and unconscious on personality -Tripartite Theory -5 Psychosexual stages -Freudian Methods26
7561516871Freudian Methods-Freudian slips -Free association -Dream analysis -Projective Test27
7690001269Erik EriksonStages of Psychosocial Development28
7690018908Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentContrasts to Freud's Idea of Psychosexual development: We are always developing We develop through social stages of our life: Trust vs Mistrust Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt Initiative vs Guilt Industry vs Inferiority Identity vs Role Confusion Intimacy vs Isolation Generatively vs Stagnation Ego-integrity vs Dispair29
7690071507BehaviorismWe learn behavior Tabula Rasa - Blank Slate Behavior is observable30
7690077849Ivan PavlovBehaviorist Experiment - Pavlov's Dogs Proved - Classical Conditioning31
7690084594John B. WatsonBehaviorist Experiment - Baby Albert Proved - Classical Conditioning32
7690101177B. F. SkinnerBehaviorist Experiment - Trained rat to do what he wanted through punishment/reward (Skinner's Box) Proved - Operant Conditioning33
7690120907Edward ThorndikeLaw of Effect: Behavior shaped by punishments and rewards34
7690127546Tabula Rasa"Blank Slate" in latin We are neither good or bad John Locke35
7690158633Observable behaviorBehavior that can be observed36
7690164663Associated learningLearning to associate two things together Pavlov's Dog - Bell and Food37
7690175088Reinforcement vs PunishmentBehavior can be controlled through rewards or punishments38
7690198595Classical ConditioningInvoluntary Behavior - Associated Learning, Pavlov's Dogs39
7690206189Operant ConditioningStrengthens or weakens voluntary behavior through punishment/reward40
7690218034HumanismHumans are good Needs not being met = bad Strive for self-actualization We are all unique41
7690225729Abraham MaslowHierarchy of Needs42
7690234501Hierarchy of NeedsSelf-Actualization Esteem Needs Belonging Needs Safety Needs Physiological Needs43
7690242387Carl RogersReject conditions of self-worth: they are imposed by others Unconditional positive regard44
7690294671CognitiveThinking shapes behavior Emphasis on processing and categorizing info45
7690305611Jean PiagetCognitive Stages of Cognitive Development46
7690328215Julian RotterCognitive Locus of Control Internal = Healthy, you are in charge External = Thinks happen to you, Learned Helplessness47
7690341973George KellyCognitive Schema Behavior is a result of social constructs48
7690352356SchemaMental construct we use to organize the world49
7690378475Albert BanduraSocial Learning Theory Experiment - Bobo Doll Experiment Proved - We learn through others50
7690391586Trait TheoryCompares individuals' personalities by degree51
7690396074Trait Theory CriticismsDoes not account for situational factors Personality changes until mid-adulthood52
7690402774Gordon AllportFounded the Trait Theory53
7690415962Hans EysenkTrait Theory Introversion vs Extroversion Stable vs Unstable54
7690419511Raymond CatellTrait Theory 16 Personality Factor Test - First personality test55
7690429447"Big Five" OceanO - Openness (creativity) C - Conscientiousness (orderly, rule abiding) E - Extroversion (outgoingness) A - Agreeableness (Selflessness) N - Neuroticism (Instability)56
7690455556MulticulturalIndividualistic vs Collective societies US, UK vs China, Samoa57
7690472979Myers-BriggsPersonality Test with Dichotomies Extroversion-Introversion Sensing-Intuiting Thinking-Feeling Judging-Perceiving58
7690535910PsychobiologicalBehavior is caused by biological factors59
7690539271Chemical ImbalancesChemical imbalances affect behavior60
7690546547William SheldonPsychobiologist Developed Somatotype Theory61
7690553945Somatotype TheoryCorrelation with physique and personality62
7690561556EndomorphShort, Fat, Big-Boned Lethargic, Goofy, Jolly,63
7690572387MesomorphMuscular, Healthy, Proportional Confident, courageous, risk-taker64
7690583670EctomorphTall, Thin, No muscle-tone Introverted, reserved, inhibited65

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