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| 7791519939 | Soma | Cell body of neuron, contains nucleus |  | 0 |
| 7791521151 | Axon | Conducting wire of neuron, Na-K pumps Coated by myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier |  | 1 |
| 7791539804 | Dendrites | Receives signals from neighboring neurons Branch-like structure from soma |  | 2 |
| 7791543401 | Receptor sites | Special places on dendrites where neurotransmitters attach |  | 3 |
| 7791551485 | Myelin sheath | Fatty layer that coats axon Insulation for electrical signals |  | 4 |
| 7826852773 | Axon terminal | End of neuron/axon Electric signal is converted into chemical signals |  | 5 |
| 7826883885 | Nodes of Ranvier | Spaces between the myelin sheath | | 6 |
| 7826902417 | Synapse | The space between the ending of an axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another | 7 | |
| 7826928162 | Positive vs. Negative ions | Sodium (Na) vs Potassium (K) Both are positive ions, but the inside of the neuron is very negative, so bringing in Na makes it positive | 8 | |
| 7827164962 | Sodium | The "Positive ion" Rushes into neuron to cause electric signal | 9 | |
| 7827193405 | Potassium | The "Negative ion" Rushes out of neuron to cause electric signal | 10 | |
| 7827201798 | All or nothing principle | A neuron fires at the same strength every time If threshold met, neuron fires If threshold not me, nothing | 11 | |
| 7827208555 | Absolute threshold | the smallest amount of energy required by an external stimulus to be detected | 12 | |
| 7827235562 | Resting potential | More negative ions inside than outside neuron Neuron NOT transmitting information Neuron is *polarized* |  | 13 |
| 7827247331 | Action potential | Electric impulse travels down the axon Fires when threshold met More positive ions inside than outside neuron Neuron *depolarizes* | 14 | |
| 7827259373 | Depolarization | sodium gates open and let sodium into the axon, causing the axon to be more positive that the outside |  | 15 |
| 7827267422 | Repolarization | potassium gates open and positive ions flow out of the axon, causing the inside of the axon to be more negative than the outside |  | 16 |
| 7827271366 | Refractory period | Period after action potential when action potential cannot occur Neuron trying to reach resting potential | 17 | |
| 7827282627 | Reuptake | After neurotransmitters reach receptors on synapse, they return to the axon terminal through the reuptake valve | 18 | |
| 7827297723 | Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons. they bind to receptor sites on receiving neurons | 19 | |
| 7827302737 | Electrical vs. chemical signals | Inside neuron - electrical In between neurons - chemical | 20 | |
| 7827311933 | Afferent (receptor/sensory) neurons | Take sensory information to the brain | 21 | |
| 7827318212 | Efferent (effector/motor) neurons | Take neuronal information from brain to muscles | 22 | |
| 7827320805 | Interneurons | Connect efferent and afferent neurons | 23 | |
| 7827331725 | Reflex | An automatic response to sensory stimulus | 24 | |
| 7827334488 | Central nervous system | composed of the brain and spinal cord |  | 25 |
| 7827342088 | Peripheral nervous system | The sensory and motor neurons that connect to the rest of the body |  | 26 |
| 7827352628 | Somatic nervous system | Peripheral Controls voluntary control of skeletal muscles | 27 | |
| 7827361234 | Autonomic nervous system | Peripheral Controls unconscious behaviors (heartbeat) | 28 | |
| 7827370445 | Sympathetic nervous system | Peripheral, autonomic "Flight or fight" response increases heart rate, pupils dilate, digestion stops | 29 | |
| 7827385175 | Parasympathetic nervous system | Peripheral, autonomic "rest and digest" Heart rate decreases, pupils constrict, digestion occurs | 30 | |
| 7827407450 | Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) | Most detailed picture of the brain structures | 31 | |
| 7827411743 | Functional Magnetic Resonance Image (FMRI) | Most detailed picture of the brain structures and metabolic processes | 32 | |
| 7827414881 | Electroencephalography (EEG) | Detects bursts of neural activity used for seizures, fainting, and sleep | 33 | |
| 7827435063 | Computed axial tomography (CAT scan) | Gives basic picture of brain | 34 | |
| 7827443029 | Position emission tomography (PET scan) | Uses glucose dye to detect brain functioning | 35 | |
| 7827456531 | Acetylcholine (ACh) | Activating muscles, autonomic, short term memory Shortage: Alzheimer's disease | 36 | |
| 7827466785 | Dopamine | Engaged somatic nervous system Shortage: Parkinson's disease Excessive: Schizophrenia | 37 | |
| 7827485575 | Norepinephrine | Mood | 38 | |
| 7827495163 | Serotonin | Mood | 39 | |
| 7827488120 | Epinephrine | Adeline, flight or fight | 40 | |
| 7827504464 | GABA | Inhibitory neurotransmitter, calms neural activity | 41 | |
| 7827518050 | Endorphins | natural neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure | 42 | |
| 7827533318 | Frontal Lobe | Somatic movement, speech, reason, judgement Prefrontal cortex & Motor cortex |  | 43 |
| 7827549103 | Pariental Lobe | Sensation, spacial intelligence Sensory cortex |  | 44 |
| 7827556408 | Temporal Lobe | Processing auditory stimuli and home of language center Auditory cortex |  | 45 |
| 7827564452 | Occipital Lobe | Processing of visual stimuli Visual cortex |  | 46 |
| 7827571406 | Brain stem | Connects to the spine Medulla Pons Cerebellum Reticular formation Thalamus | 47 | |
| 7827579488 | Motor cortex | An area at the rear of the frontal lobe that controls voluntary movements |  | 48 |
| 7827579489 | Sensory cortex | Area at the front of the parietal lobe that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations. |  | 49 |
| 7833299599 | Auditory cortex | The cortex of the brain in the temporal lobe that is responsible for processing auditory information |  | 50 |
| 7833299600 | Visual cortex | the cortex of the brain in the occipital lobe where visual information goes |  | 51 |
| 7833310747 | Prefrontal cortex | Part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language |  | 52 |
| 7833317189 | Medulla | Autonomic nervous system |  | 53 |
| 7833325050 | Pons | Levels of consciousness |  | 54 |
| 7833327313 | Cerebellum | Voluntary movement and balance |  | 55 |
| 7833331141 | Reticular formation | Arousal (respond to environment) Broken = Comatose | 56 | |
| 7833337694 | Thalamus | Processes all sensory information into brain except smell | 57 | |
| 7833349437 | Limbic system | Survival Memory storage and assessment Thalamus Hypothalamus Amygdala Hippocampus Neurotransmitter | 58 | |
| 7833374750 | Hypothalamus | Regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, and pituitary gland | 59 | |
| 7833384185 | Ventromedial hypothalamus | Feeling full | 60 | |
| 7833385581 | Lateral hypothalamus | Feeling hungry | 61 | |
| 7833389427 | Amygdala | Basic emotional response origin of "flight or fight" | 62 | |
| 7833408240 | Hippocampus | Connecting new information for memory storage and retrieval | 63 | |
| 7833459322 | Language centers | Broca's area, Wernicke's area, Angular gyrus | 64 | |
| 7833461112 | Broca's area | Creation of auditable speech from conscious thought | 65 | |
| 7833464543 | Wernicke's area | Responsible for turning auditory stimuli into discernible language | 66 | |
| 7833471946 | Angular gyrus | Responsible for turning visual stimuli into discernible language | 67 | |
| 7833476425 | Aphasia | Loss of linguistic ability | 68 | |
| 7833480827 | Broca's/Expressive aphasia | Cannot speak complete sentences | 69 | |
| 7833483825 | Wernicke's/receptive aphasia | Cannot understand speech | 70 | |
| 7900506851 | Chromosome | Strands of DNA within a cell | 71 | |
| 7900509012 | DNA | Carries genetic information | 72 | |
| 7900513637 | Diathesis | Genetic predisposition passed down to the child | 73 | |
| 7900519879 | Teratogen | Environmental stimuli or condition that could affect the normal growth of the child | 74 | |
| 7900528468 | Phenotype | Physical trait that is displayed | 75 | |
| 7900530460 | Genotype | Two alleles for a trait | 76 | |
| 7900534161 | Kerotyping | A test to identify and evaluate the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of body cells | 77 | |
| 7900539840 | Heritability | The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. the heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied | 78 | |
| 7900544646 | Temperament | A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity | 79 | |
| 7900556088 | Phenylketonuria (PKU) | Body cannot break down amino acids | 80 | |
| 7900567661 | Down Syndrome | 21 Trisomy Physical and mental abnormalities | 81 | |
| 7900585104 | Turner's Syndrome | Only 1 X on 23rd pair Physical and mental abnormalities Infertile | 82 | |
| 7900592943 | Klinefelter's Syndrome | XXY Androgynous with some mental abnormalities | 83 | |
| 7900623837 | Homosexuality | Someone who is attracted to someone of the same gender There are various theories of whether it is is genetic, environmental, or physical abnormalities cause this or it is simply natural | 84 | |
| 7900670237 | Monozygotic twins | Identical twins | 85 | |
| 7900673323 | Dizygotic twins | Fraternal twins | 86 | |
| 7900675677 | Minnesota twin study | Longitudinal study Claimed that monozygotic twins are more similar than dizygotic = nature > nurture | 87 | |
| 7900686381 | Gender role | One's sense of what it means to be a male/female | 88 | |
| 7900687975 | Gender identity | One's sense of being a male or female | 89 | |
| 7900694732 | Gender typing | The process by which a child becomes aware of their gender and thus behaves accordingly by adopting values and attributes of members of the sex that they identify as their own. | 90 | |
| 7900699909 | Social learning explanation | People act based on observation and imitation | 91 | |
| 7900711089 | Gender-Schema theory | The theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly | 92 |
