Terms : Hide Images
| 102327033 | sensory neurons | neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system (afferent) | |
| 102327034 | motor neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands (efferent) | |
| 102327035 | interneurons | Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs | |
| 102327036 | somatic nervous system | the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system | |
| 102327037 | autonomic nervous system | The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms. | |
| 102327038 | sympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations | |
| 102327039 | parasympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy | |
| 102327040 | reflex | a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response | |
| 102327041 | neural networks | interconnected neural cells. With experience, _____ can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results. Computer simulations of _______ show analogous learning. | |
| 102327042 | endocrine system | the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream | |
| 102327043 | hormones | chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another | |
| 102327044 | adrenal glands | a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the ____ secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress. | |
| 102327045 | pituitary glands | the endocrin system's highly influential "master gland" that, in conjunction with the brain, controls the other endocrine glands | |
| 102327046 | lesion | tissue destruction. A _____ is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue | |
| 102327047 | EEG | an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp | |
| 102327048 | PET | A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task. | |
| 102327049 | MRI | a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain | |
| 102327050 | fMRI | a technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. MRI scans show brain anatomy; ____ scans show brain function. | |
| 102327051 | brainstem | The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the _____ is responsible for automatic survival functions | |
| 102327052 | medulla | the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing | |
| 102327053 | reticular formation | a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal | |
| 102327054 | thalamus | the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla | |
| 102327055 | cerebellum | the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance | |
| 102327056 | limbic system | a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. | |
| 102327057 | amygdala | two lima bean-sized neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion | |
| 102327058 | hypothalamus | a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion | |
| 102327059 | cerebral cortex | the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center | |
| 102327060 | glial cells | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons | |
| 102327061 | frontal lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments | |
| 102327062 | parietal lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position | |
| 102327063 | occipital lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field | |
| 102327064 | temporal lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear | |
| 102327065 | motor cortex | an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements | |
| 102327066 | sensory cortex | the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations | |
| 102327067 | association areas | areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking | |
| 102327068 | aphasia | impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to wernicke's area (impairing understanding) | |
| 102327069 | broca's area | controls language expression-an aread of the frontal, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech | |
| 102327070 | wernicke's area | controls language reception-a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression;usually in the left temporal lobe | |
| 102327071 | plasticity | the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development | |
| 102327072 | corpus callosum | the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them | |
| 102327073 | behavior genetics | the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior | |
| 102327074 | genome | the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes | |
| 102327075 | temperament | a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity | |
| 102327076 | heritability | The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The _____ of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied. | |
| 102327891 | molecular genetics | the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes | |
| 102327892 | evolutionary psychology | the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection |
