Terms : Hide Images
| 11754241 | stateless societies | cultural groups in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of being exercised by a central government. | 0 | |
| 11754242 | maghrib | the Arabic term for western North African | 1 | |
| 11754243 | Almoravids | a puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of Northern Africa; controlled gold trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of savanna and westward into Spain | 2 | |
| 11754244 | Almohads | another reformist group in 1130 among the Islamic Berbers of northern Africa; later than the Almoravids; penetrated into sub-Saharan Africa | 3 | |
| 11754245 | Ethiopia | Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa | 4 | |
| 11754246 | King Lalibela | built lots of churches in the kingdom of Lalibela, Ethiopian king who had Christian churches carved downward into mountains | 5 | |
| 11754247 | Sahel | extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; a point of exchange between the forests to the south and north Africa | 6 | |
| 11754248 | Sudanic states | often had a patriarch or council of elders of a particular family or group of lineages as leaders; states had a territorial core area in which the people were of the same linguistic or ethnic background; conquest states; rulers considered sacred and separated by rituals | 7 | |
| 11754249 | Mali | centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers, was the creation of Manlike peoples; old forms of kingship were reinforced by Islam; rulers supported Islam by building mosques, attending public prayers, and supporting preachers | 8 | |
| 11754250 | Juula | manlike merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali Empire; eventually spread throughout most of West Africa | 9 | |
| 11754251 | Mansa Mansa | lord of African Empire of Mali; his caravan symbolized the wealthy potential of Africa | 10 | |
| 11754252 | Ishak al-Sahili | this architect from Spain directed the building of several important mosques, and eventually a distinctive form of Sudanic architecture developed that made use of beaten clay | 11 | |
| 11754253 | Sundiata | The Lion Prince; a member of the Keita clan; created a unified state that became the Mali Empire; died about 1260 | 12 | |
| 11754254 | griots | professional oral historians; advisors to the kings | 13 | |
| 11754255 | Timbuktu | A great trading city that was originally at town. It became the center of knowledge for Muslim scholars; on Niger River | 14 | |
| 11754256 | Songhay | Sucessor of Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao | 15 | |
| 11754257 | Muhammad the Great | Extended the boundaries of the Songhay Empire; Islamic ruler of the mid-16th century | 16 | |
| 11754258 | Hausa states | States, such as Kano, among the Hausa of northern Nigeria; combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs | 17 | |
| 11754259 | zenji | Arabic term for the people and coast of east Africa. --- areas where Chinese, India, etc. forms trading language called Swahilli "coastal language | 18 | |
| 11754260 | East African trading ports | Urbaized commerical centers mixing African and Arab cultures, opened Africa up to Islamic as well as other influences | 19 | |
| 11754261 | Ibn Batuta | Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records | 20 | |
| 11754262 | Demographic transition | A change in the rates of population growth. Before the transition, both birth and death rates are high, resulting in a slowly growing population; then the death rate drops but the birth rate remains high, causing a population explosion. (867) | 21 | |
| 11754263 | nok | a village in the forests of central Nigeria; inhabitants practiced agriculture & used iron tools; remain a mystery | 22 | |
| 11754264 | Yoruba | West African people who formed several states southwest of the Niger River | 23 | |
| 11754265 | Ife-Ife | city in Nigeria inhabited by Yoruba-speaking peoples' remarkable terra-cotta and bronze portrait heads of past rulers wereproduced in the period after 1200 CE; seen as the holiest city of the Yoruba | 24 | |
| 11754266 | Benin | west african kingdom that flourished in the NIger Delta region from the 14th to the 17th century | 25 | |
| 11754267 | Luba | modified the older system of village headmen to a form of divine kinship in which the ruler and his relatives were thought to have a special power that ensured fertility of people & crops in Katanga | 26 | |
| 11754268 | Kongo | The powerful kingdom at the southern end of the Congo River in Africa that modeled its culture on it trading partner the Portuguese and converts to Christianity is | 27 | |
| 11754269 | Zimbabwe | good trade connections, considered inferior but in fact very smart, known for complex stone houses and walls | 28 | |
| 11754270 | Great Zimbabwe | the largest and most powerful of the Shona fortresses, became the center of the Shona state; 60 acres, a hilltop fortification with many rooms, Bantu confederation of Shona-speaking peoples located between Zambezi and Limpopo rivers; developed after 9th century; featured royal courts built of stone; created centralized state by 15th century; king took title of Mwene Mutapa | 29 | |
| 11754271 | Mwene Mutapa | title of a king in Great Zimbabwe | 30 | |
| 11754272 | Islamization | helped link Muslim Africa w/ the outside world through trade, religion & politics | 31 | |
| 11754273 | Bantu Migration | the movement of the bantu peoples southward throghout africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000 | 32 | |
| 11754274 | Ifriqiya | the Arabic term for Eastern North Africa | 33 | |
| 11754275 | jihad | a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal | 34 | |
| 11754276 | Axum | trading center, and powerful ancient kingdom in northern present-day Ethiopia | 35 | |
| 11754277 | Ghana | the first West African kingdom based on the gold and salt trade | 36 | |
| 11754278 | Sunni Ali Ber | 1464-1492; a great tactical commander & ruthless leader; his cavalry expanded the borders of and seized the traditional trading cities of Timbuktu & Jenne; middle Niger valley fell under his control & he developed a system of provincial administration to mobilize recruits for the army & rule the far-flung conquests; he was Muslim; succeeded by the askia | 37 | |
| 11754279 | caliph | the political and religious successor to Muhammad | 38 | |
| 11754280 | matrilineal | based on or tracing descent through the female line | 39 | |
| 11754281 | Sharia | the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed | 40 |
