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10393289347Antagonistcharacter(s) who is in conflict with the protagonist, attempting to prevent him/her from reaching his/her goal or resolution0
10393289348Caricaturean exaggeration of a character's personal qualities for an intended effect1
10393289349Direct Characterizationexposition of a character through explicit means of narration2
10393289350Indirect Characterizationexposition of a character through implicit action3
10393289351Dynamic charactercharacter that is fully realized in most aspects of personality and who changes as a result of actions and experiences.4
10393289352Foilcharacter who contrasts with another character, usually the protagonist, in order to highlight the characteristics of a more important character5
10393289353Motivationthe reason for a character's actions, usually based on his/her moral nature and worldview6
10393289354First Person Narratorthe person telling the story, who is also a character within the action of the story and therefore may be unreliable7
10393289355Third Person Omniscient Narratorthe person telling the story who is able to move from the viewpoint of each or any character8
10393289356Third Person Limited Narratorthe person telling the story from the viewpoint of usually only one character9
10393289357Protagonistthe main character of the story, who is responsible for resolving the conflict10
10393289358Stereotypean oversimplified character, lacking individualizing traits and reinforcing an often-negative picture of a particular type of person11
10393289359Stock Charactera character who is flat (not changing) and has only one or two identifying traits12
10393289360Dynamic Charactera character who changes, who is complex and multi-faceted13
10393289361Atmospherethe prevailing mood of the work, usually established by the setting, thus giving an emotional tone that influences the reader's expectations and attitude toward the piece14
10393289362Framea narrative that provides a framework for the main story, setting up the interior story at the beginning and providing closure at the end15
10393289363Moodthe atmosphere created or suggested by the setting and diction16
10393289364Occasionthe immediate context of a work that motivated the speaker's words17
10393289365Settingthe narrative background, including geographical location, time, historical context, moral and religious conditions18
10393289366Speaker(Persona) the narrator of the work, who may or may not represent the author19
10393289367Stream of Consciousnesspresenting the continuous flow of thoughts, ideas, images, and feelings of a character the moment they run through his/her mind20
10393289368Abstract languagedescribing intangible things like ideas or emotions; also denoting general qualities of a person or thing21
10393289369Ambiguityan intentional creation of multiple meanings, both the denotation and one or more connotations22
10393289370Clichean overused expression, resulting in the loss of its freshness and clarity23
10393289371Concrete languagediction referring to specific and tangible persons or things24
10393289372Connotationthe emotional implications and associations of a word25
10393289373Denotationthe literal meaning of a word (dictionary definition)26
10393289374Dialectspeech marked by regional or social differences27
10393289375Epitheta word (noun or adjective) used to point out a meaningful characteristic28
10393289376Euphemismterm that replaces another, possibly objectionable, term in order to avoid giving offense29
10393289377Literal languagefactual language, without embellishment30
10393289378Usagethe level of discourse that may be formal or informal, used to aid in the characterization and tone of a work31
10393289379Carpe diempoetry with the theme of "seize the day" specifically applied to youth andlove32
10393289380Comedya work that involves both with and humor through irony and incongruity33
10393289381Comedy of mannersa comedy that exposes the weakness and failure of pretentious of a character34
10393289382Complainta poem of lament or regret, with the speaker appealing for help35
10393289383Dramatic monologuean extended passage in which the speaker addresses a non-present listener36
10393289384Elegya poetic meditation on death, usually for a specific person or condition37
10393289385Mock epica satirical work using the lofty style of the epic in relation to a trivial event or object38
10393289386Lyric versea shorter poem expressing an emotional state in a single, unified impression39
10393289387Parodya work imitating a serious piece of literature in order to ridicule the work or the author40
10393289388Romancean imaginative work with exotic characters and settings, heroic events, love, and the supernatural, with an occasional disregard of realism41
10393289389Horatian Satirea satirical work that gently ridicules human absurdities and foibles, often in the form of a comedy of manners42
10393289390Juvenalian Satirea satirical work that harshly attacks vice and error with contempt43
10393289391Tragedya work depicting the struggle of the protagonist in the face of inevitable defeat, often through his/her own pride or other fatal flaw44
10393289392Antecedent actionaction that came before the starting point of a work45
10393289393Climaxthe point of highest interest, the turning point of the plot46
10393289394Conflictthe struggle between two opposing forces; may be internal or external, a conflict with nature, a human being, society, or the character's own self47
10393289395Denouementthe falling action of the story, in which the solution or outcome is provided48
10393289396Expositionintroductory material that establishes the setting and mood, as well as the different characters and their relationships49
10393289397Flashbackantecedent action that is recalled by the character through inner reflection50
10393289398Foreshadowingthe preparation for later plot elements as revealed through action or dialogue51
10393289399Resolutionthe falling action of a story after the climax52
10393289400Rising actionthe introduction of the conflict that drives the work53
10393289401Subplota separate line of events that are related in some way to the main plot54
10393289402Interior monologuea stream-of-consciousness experience on a non-verbalized level, usually representing sensations or emotions55
10393289403Naive narratornarrator, such as a child, who does not understand the full implications of the narrative56
10393289404Objective narratornarrator who reports only what he/she can see and hear, without comment57
10393289405Omniscient narratornarrator who can be inside the minds of all characters and reports from multiple points of view58
10393289406Unreliable narratorthe person telling the story, who is also a character within the action of the story and reports events from a personal bias and self-justification59
10393289407Emphasisindication of relative importance of elements by means of climatic order, placement, repetition, accumulation of detail, or contrast60
10393289408Grammatical inversioninversion of word order for a particular effect or to fit meter61
10393289409Juxtapositionthe placement of words or phrases side by side to achieve a particular effect62
10393289410Level of discoursethe use of formal or informal language for a particular purpose or impression63
10393289411Emphatic positionthe usage of syntax by placing one element in a position to indicate its importance64
10393289412Subordinate positionthe usage of syntax by place one or more elements in a position to indicate its lesser importance65
10393289413Loose sentencea sentence that contains a subject and predicate with many modifiers, tending to be long and rambling66
10393289414Periodic sentencea sentence that withholds the main clause until the end of the sentence67
10393289415Active voiceverb structure showing the subject taking action68
10393289416Passive voiceverb structure showing the subject receiving action69
10393289417Authorial voicethe discernible presence of the author as distinct from the narrator, revealing a particular perspective, mood, and tone70
10393289418Humora type of comedy that is sympathetic with the foibles of human nature, exposing the ridiculous and comical aspects of human affairs71
10393289419Hyperbolean overstatement used for humor or to height an particular effect72
10393289420Dramatic ironyan incongruity of events or situations of which the character is unaware but the audience sees clearly73
10393289421Irony of situationa situation which is the opposite of what both the character and the audience might expect74
10393289422Verbal ironyuse of words to express the opposite of what they mean75
10393289423Sarcasma statement, often expressing the opposite of the meaning of the words, that is meant to hurt or show disapproval76
10393289424Sentimentalismthe conscious overindulgence of emotion in order to enjoy that emotion, replacing ethical and intellectual judgment77
10393289425Understatementa statement whose literal sense is far less than the magnitude of the subject or circumstance78
10393289426Witthe person telling the story from the viewpoint of usually only one character79
10393289427Allusiona brief reference to a commonly known historical or literary figure or work80
10393289428Analogya description or explanation of something unfamiliar through a description ofsomething more familiar81
10393289429Anaphorathe repetition of the same word or words at the start of two or more lines of poetry82
10393289430Anticlimaxthe placement of details of lesser importance where something greater is expected83
10393289431Antithesisthe use of contrasting words, clauses, sentences, or ideas, balancing one against the other in a strong opposition.84
10393289432Catalogthe use of lists of people, things, or attributes85
10393289433Incongruitythe linking of two incompatible things, often used humorously86
10393289434Incremental repetitionthe use of repetition to effect successive minor changes in order to enhance and intensify the meaning87
10393289435Oxymorona combination of ostensibly self-contradictory words88
10393289436Paradoxa seemingly contradictory statement that is in fact well-founded, pointing toward the truth89
10393289437Parallelismthe presentation of coordinate ideas in a coordinate manner, developing one element of equal importance with another similar element90
10393289438Rhetorical accenta stress on what would normally be an unaccented syllable, to clarify the meaning or intention of a sentence91
10393289439Rhetorical questiona question asked for effect, not to elicit a reply, to which the answer is almost always negative92
10393289440Structurethe plot or plan of a text93
10393289441Voltaa turn; a change in thought signaled by words like but, however, yet, etc.94
10393289442Auditorya literal representation of an sound experience, or an object that can beknown by the sense of sound95
10393289443Gustatorya literal representation of a taste experience, or an object that can be known by the sense of taste96
10393289444Olfactorya literal representation of a smelling experience, or an object that can be known by the sense of smell97
10393289445Tactilea literal representation of a touch experience, or an object that can be known by the sense of touch98
10393289446Visuala literal representation of a sight experience, or an object that can be known bythe sense of sight99
10393289447Caesuraa pause in a line of poetry created by the natural speaking rhythm or punctuation, rather than by meter100
10393289448End stopa line of poetry complete as a grammatical unit101
10393289449Enjambmenta line of poetry whose grammatical construction continues on to the next line102
10393289450Ballad stanzaa stanza of four lines, usually with a rhyme scheme of abab or abcb103
10393289451Cinquaina stanza of five lines104
10393289452Envoyclosing stanza of four lines with an abab rhyme scheme; addressed to a prince105
10393289485or patron and often repeats the refrain line or provides a summary106
10393289453Nonce forma poetic work that has only one stanza107
10393289454Octavea stanza containing eight lines108
10393289455Quatraina stanza containing four lines109
10393289456Refrainone or more words repeated throughout a poem, usually at the end of a stanza110
10393289457Iambicmeter with two syllables, the second syllable being stressed111
10393289458Trochaicmeter with two syllables, the first syllable being stressed112
10393289459Falling metermeter in which the first syllable is stressed113
10393289460Foota measurement containing a certain number of heavy and light stresses114
10393289461Monometera line of poetry containing one metrical foot115
10393289462Dimetera line of poetry containing two metrical feet116
10393289463Trimetera line of poetry containing three metrical feet117
10393289464Tetrametera line of poetry containing four metrical feet118
10393289465Pentametera line of poetry containing five metrical feet119
10393289466Hexametera line of poetry containing six metrical feet120
10393289467Septametera line of poetry containing seven metrical feet121
10393289468Rising Metermeter in which the last syllable is stressed122
10393289469Scansionsystem for describing conventional rhythms, dividing lines into syllables and analyzing the stressed and unstressed syllable to determine the predominant rhythm of the poem123
10393289470Stressthe accenting or emphasizing of a syllable124
10393289471Couplettwo consecutive lines of verse with the same end rhyme125
10393289472Double rhymea rhyme of stressed syllables followed by indentical unstressed syllables126
10393289473End rhymerhyme found at the end of a line of verse127
10393289474Full rhymea rhyme containing the same vowel but different preceding consonants; also called a perfect rhyme128
10393289475Internal rhymea rhyme within a line of verse, rather than at the end129
10393289476Rhyme schemea pattern of rhymes, shown by a letter of the alphabet for each rhyming sound130
10393289477Slant rhymea rhyme with close, but not perfect, rhyming sounds131
10393289478Alliterationthe repetition of initial consonant sounds in words in close proximity132
10393289479Assonancethe repetition of vowel sounds, but not of ending consonant sounds (not a full rhyme)133
10393289480Cacophonythe conscious use of a combination of harsh, unpleasant sounds134
10393289481Consonancethe repetition of the final consonants in stresses syllables, but with different vowel sounds that precede them135
10393289482Euphonypleasant, easy to articulate sounds136
10393289483Onomatopoeiaa word that is an imitation of a sound137
10393289484Sibilancehave the sounds of s, z, or sh138

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