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AP Unit 1 Terms Flashcards

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5642881669Great FamineA terrible natural disaster in 1315-1322 that hit much of Europe after a period of climate change.0
5642888430Black DeathPlague that first struck Europe in 1347 and killed perhaps one-third of the population.1
5642896791flagellantsPeople who believed that the plague was God's punishment for sin and sought to do penance by whipping themselves.2
5642903216Hundred Years' WarA war between England and France from 1337 to 1453, with political and economic causes and consequences.3
5642924361Babylonian CaptivityThe period from 1309 to 1376 when the popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome.4
5642929921Great SchismThe division, or split, in church leadership from 1378 to 1417 when there were two, then three, popes.5
5642936527conciliaristsPeople who believed that the authority in the Roman Church should rest in the general council composed of clergy, theologians, and laypeople, rather than in the pope alone.6
5643104931confraternitiesVoluntary lay groups organized by occupation, devotional preference, neighborhood, or charitable activity.7
5643118262JacquerieA massive uprising by French peasants in 1358 protesting heavy taxation.8
5643132180English Peasants' RevoltRevolt by English peasants in 1381 in response to changing economic conditions.9
5643140232Statute of KilkennyLaw issued in 1366 that discriminated against the Irish.10
5643156115RenaissanceA French word meaning "rebirth," used to describe the rebirth of the culture of classical antiquity in Italy during the 14th-16th centuries.11
5643167652patronageFinancial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles.12
5643179516communesSworn associations of free men in Italian cities led by merchant guilds that sought political and economic independence from local nobles.13
5643189694popoloDisenfranchised common people in Italian cities who resented their exclusion from power.14
5643195925signoriGovernment by one-man rule in Italian cities like Milan; also refers to these rulers.15
5643204709courtsMagnificent households and palaces where signori and other rulers lived, conducted business, and supported the arts.16
5643212965humanismA program of study designed by Italians that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature.17
5643232075virtuThe quality of being able to shape the world according to one's own will.18
5643238347Christian humanistsNorthern humanists who interpreted Italian ideas about and attitudes toward classical antiquity and humanism in terms of their own religious traditions.19
5643259981New ChristiansA term for Jews and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula who accepted Christianity20
5643269639anticlericalismOpposition to the clergy.21
5643273805indulgenceA document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins.22
5643282618ProtestantThe name originally given to followers of Luther, which came to mean all non-Catholic Western Christian groups.23
5643291916Spanish ArmadaThe fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism. Weather and the English fleet defeated it.24
5643303734The Institutes of the Christian ReligionJohn Calvin's formulation of Christian doctrine, which became systematic theology for Protestantism.25
5643310461predestinationThe teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works.26
5643320195Holy OfficeThe official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy.27
5643327472JesuitsMembers of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith.28
5643338364HuguenotsFrench Calvinists.29
5643341117politiquesCatholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse.30
5643347833Edict of NantesA document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France.31
5643356177Union of UtrechtThe alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.32

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