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Ap unit 5 vocab Flashcards

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9960771573Agribusinessindustrialized, corporate form of agricultural production0
9960786718Agriculture production in the USrange livestock dominates agricultural production in the western region of country1
9960801491Agriculturegrowing crops or tending livestock for subsistence purposes and/ or for sale or exchange2
9960816077Aquaculturefish farming3
9960831429BiomassAlternative energy source that involves converting a variety of biological materials into fuel for automobiles/ engines4
9960871485Biopharminga particular form of biotechnology in which genes form other life forms and are inserted into a host plant5
9960882651Biotechnologyincludes all technological improvements on biological systems to either make or enhance specific agricultural goods or food products (GMO's)6
9960912711Capital intensive vs labor intensive agricultureCapital intensive- use of mechanical goods, including machinery, tools, vehicles. large production of agricultural goods. Labor intensive- goods use human hands in large abundance to produce a given amount of output7
9960948261commercial agriculturefood production for sale from a farm farm goods to food processing companies rather than consumers dairy farming, fruits, vegetables, meat8
9960971310commercial grain farmingwheat and corn in the great plains, southern Russia, and china large portion of output goes to feeding livestock9
9960994378commercial livestock farminglivestock ranching and dairying wide spread in Australia , North America, southern Africa and Asia10
9961016970crop rotationrotating the sequence of crops planted in particular fields to avoid depleting nutrients in the soil11
9961054869Deforestationthe need for fuel wood and wood resource, cutting down tropical rain forests12
9961100596Desertificationwhen marginal lands are over cultivated or overgrazed, soil gets stripped of vegitation13
9961117521economic systemsgoods and services created for use of producer and his or her family producers produce goods for the goal of profit14
9961137163environmental implications of agriculturepesticides have harmed wildlife populations, polluted rivers, lakes, and oceans. topsoil loss, fragile soils15
9961173759Extensive Subsistence AgricultureNomadic Heading(Seasonal movement of herds) and Shifting Cultivation(Slash and Burn)16
9962504296Extensive vs Intensive Agricultureextensive- large areas of land and minimal labor input per acre intensive-smaller plots of land with substantial amounts of labor17
9962515344Feedlots/CAFOsanimals concentrated in small spaces and given antibiotics and other fattening grains to prepare them for slaughter.18
9962531320Fertile CrescentMiddle East, the areas fertile soil were attributed to its location in the Euphrates, Nile, and Tigris Rivers floodplains19
9962551705Fishingaccounts for about 15% of global protein consumption. overfishing and pollution effects fish stocks20
9962563934Food RegimeThe links that exist between food producers, food consumers, and investment/accumulation opportunities that support a dominant type of food during a particular time period.21
9962585639Food Production vs AgricultureAgriculture doesn't always lead to food and food is not always produced through agriculture.22
9962598533Food SecurityRefers to reliable access, at all scales, to enough food to ensure active and healthy lives.23
9962631148ForestryMost forest industries are in developed countries like the US, Canada, and Russia. Used for wood supply and fuel supply.24
9962656611GMOsPlants and animals who's DNA have been genetically modified.25
9962663654Geothermal powertype of energy that uses heat from the interior of the earth in the form of steam, which powers turbines to create electricity26
9962672339Globalization of agricultureimprovements in transportation and communication effecting agriculture27
9962724305Hunting and GatheringBefore technology people survived by this. Males usually hunted and females gathered28
9962736619Hydroelectric Powerform of energy where water turns turbines to generate electricity.29
9962744063Industrial revolution's Effect in AgricultureMachines made it easier to produce and harvest more food/products faster and more efficiently.30
9962764766Intensive Subsistence AgriculturePeople producing food or raising animals to provide for themselves and their families.31
9962771666Land Survey PatternsLog Lots: French- Houses exist on narrow lots perpendicular to a river. Metes and Bonds: English- local geography with directions and distances to define boundaries for particular price of land Township and Range: US- system dividing land and sold to customers equally32
9962804220Local Food ProductionRefers to a food production system where food are produced locally33
9962807535Luxury CropsLuxury food items not necessary for everyday loving and not indigenous for the areas they are exporting to34
9962824498Maladaptive DiffusionDiffusion of an idea or technology that works well in one are or region but is not suitable for the area it diffuses to35
9962841748Metallic and nonmetallic mineralsif metal can be obtained cheaper mines may not develop or they may shut down temporarily nonmetallic materials are generally only mined near the site where they will be used36
9962861933Mineral Fuels(Coal, petroleum, and natural gas) energy generated from these is a huge economic development indicator37
9962871465Mining and Quarryingprovides energy base for way of life existent in advanced economies, as this includes harvesting of fossil fuels38
9962900411Mixed and Specialty Crop FarmingTruck farms or market gardens produce mixed and specialty crops; climate largely determines production. Mediterranean agriculture is also an example of this.39
9962917011Negative Impacts of the Green revolutionplant fertilizers devastated much of local land, decreased local biodiversity, multinational organizations steered economies away form producing local consumption and towards producing specialty crops.40
9962940275Nuclear EnergyForm of energy, nuclear reaction generates a lot of heat which is used to make tea, and is turned in turbines to make electricity. Very controversial41
9962964266Organic AgricultureFarming without input of artificial aids. has grown tremendously across the last couple decades42
9962974216Origins of AgricultureConverted people from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture societies through domestication of plants and animals43
9963004758Pastoralism/Transhumance-breeding and herding animals to provide humans with food, shelter, and clothing -pastoralism that involves seasonal movements of herds44
9963018341PetroleumModern industrial society is heavily dependent on this. nonrenewable45
9963031396Primary economic activitiesinvolve direct extraction or harvesting of a resource from the land. ex: fishing, mining, forestry46
9963044831Resource TerminologyNatural Resource- naturally occurring minerals that humans use when beneficially towards economy Renewable- can be replenished quick enough to not deplete the resource Nonrenewable- Can not be replenished quick enough to not deplete the resource47
9963071826Rural Settlement TypesDispersed- widespread farms, relatively isolated from neighbors Nucleated-settlements contain a number of families living closer together with fields surrounding settlement48
9963082582Rural SettlementSparsely settles areas moved from the influence of larger cities. Economy is usually based on primary activities.49
9963099509Shifting Cultivation/ Slash-and-Burn/ Swidden-rotating the fields to maintain soil fertility -cutting and burning the old crops to improve the quality of nutrients in the soil -land that has been cleared for cultivation50
9963114131The Boserup HypothesisBetter soil fertility can accommodate growing populations. More food for more people51
9963129526The Green Revolution1970s-1980s: Increased food availability to rapidly growing populations by better technology, techniques, and communications.52
9963144025TranshumancePastoral practice of seasonal migration of livestock53
9963153261Transportation and Agricultureindustrial revolution and commercial agriculture Subsistence remains subsistence because lack of transportation techniques technology has helped transportation and agriculture54
9963167399Tropical PlantationsCrops that grow well in tropical climates are grown and mostly exposed and barley consumed by local consumers55
9963178150Urban Sprawl and AgricultureSprawl does not benefit agriculture because it rids the land of space for food plots. However selling land in some cases is more profitable than farming it.56
9963187713Urban AgricultureEstablishment of agriculture practices in or very near a city.57
9963196614Wind Farmsareas of land use giant wind turbines that convert wind energy into renewable energy source.58
9963203307von Thünen Model59
9963207682von Thünen resultspredicts agricultural patterns well. model can be altered to account for transportation and competing markets60
9963218143AgglomerationGrouping together of many firms, in similar industry, in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.61

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