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AP US Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800 Flashcards

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1216977367censusan official count of population; in the United States, the federal census occurs every ten years1
1216977368public debtthe debt of a government or nation to individual creditors, also called the national debt2
1216977369cabinetthe body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments3
1216977370circuit courta court that hears cases in several designated locations rather than a single place4
1216977371fiscalconcerning public finances---expenditures and revenues5
1216977372excisea tax on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of certain products6
1216977373stockthe shares of capital ownership gained from investing in a corporate enterprise; the term also refers to the certificates representing such shares7
1216977374medium of exchangeany item, paper or otherwise, used as money8
1216977375despotismarbitrary or tyrannical rule9
1216977376impressto force people or property into public service without choice; conscript10
1216977377assimilationthe merging of diverse cultures or peoples into one11
1216977378witch-huntan invertigation arried on with much publicity, supposedly to uncover dangerous activity but actually intended to weaken the political opposition12
1216977379compactan agreement or covenant between states to perform some legal act13
1216977380Vice PresidentThe constitutional office into which John Adams was sworn on April 30, 178914
1216977381Secretary of the TreasuryThe cabinet office in Washington's administration headed by a brilliant young West Indian immigrant who distrusted the people15
1216977382Funding at ParAlexander Hamilton's policy of paying off all federal bonds at face value in order to strengthen the national credit16
1216977383AssumptionHamilton's policy of having the federal government pay the financial obligations of the states; the appropriation or taking on of obligations not originally ones own17
1216977384Bill of RightsFirst ten amendments of the US Constitution18
1216977385Political PartiesPolitical organizations not envisioned in the Constitution and considered dangerous to national unity by most of the Founding Fathers19
1216977386French RevolutionPolitical and social upheaval supported by most Americans during its moderate beginnings in 1789, but the cause of bitter divisions after it took a radical turn in 179220
1216977387Franco-American AllianceAgreement signed between two anti-British countries in 1778 that increasingly plagued American foreign policy in the 1790s21
1216977388Miami ConfederacyAlliance of eight Indian nations led by Little Turtle that inflicted major defeats on American forces in the early 1790s22
1216977389Jay's TreatyDocument signed in 1794 whose terms favoring Britain outraged Jeffersonian Republicans23
1216977390FranceThe nation with which the United States fought an undeclared war from 1798 to 180024
1216977391Compact TheoryThe political theory on which Jefferson and Madison based their antifederalist resolutions declaring that the thirteen sovereign states had created the Constitution25
1216977392NullificationThe doctrine, proclaimed in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, that a state can block a federal law it considers unconstitutional26
1216977393BritainThe nation to which most Hamiltonian Federalists were sentimentally attached and which they favored in foreign policy27
1216977394Whiskey RebellionA protest by poor western farmers that was firmly suppressed by Washington and Hamilton's army28
1216977395Supreme CourtBody organized by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and first headed by John Jay29
1216977396Alexander HamiltonBrilliant administrator and financial wizard whose career was plagued by doubts about his character and belief in popular government30
1216977397RepublicansPolitical party that believed in the common people, no government aid for business, and a pro-French foreign policy31
1216977398Neutrality Proclamation of 1793President Washington's statement of the basic principles of American foreign policy in his administration32
1216977399James MadisonSkillful politician-scholar who drafted the Bill of Rights and moved it through the First Congress33
1216977400Bank of the United StatesInstitution established by Hamilton to create a stable currency and bitterly opposed by states' rights advocates34
1216977401Funding and AssumptionHamilton's aggressive financial policies of paying off all federal bonds and taking on all state debts35
1216977402Alien and Sedition ActsHarsh and probably unconstitutional laws aimed at radical immigrants and Jeffersonian writers36
1216977403Treaty of GreenvilleAgreement between the United States and Miami Indians that ceded much of Ohio and Indiana while recognizing a limited sovereignty for the Miamis37
1216977404Farewell AddressMessage telling America that it should avoid unnecessary foreign entanglements; a reflection of the foreign policy of its author38
1216977405XYZSecret code names for three French agents who attempted to extract bribes from American diplomats in 179739
1216977406Thomas JeffersonWashington's secretary of state and the organizer of a political party opposed to Hamilton's policies40
1216977407FederalistsPolitical party that believed in a strong government run by the wealthy, government aid to business, and a pro-British foreign policy41
1216977408Electoral Collegethe official body designated to choose the President under the new Constitution, which in 1789 unanimously elected George Washington42
1216977409Census of 1790effort that counted 4 million Americans43

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