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AP US History final exam Flashcards

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797087139Miranda vs Arizonathe supreme court case in which the court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.
797087140Jimmy Carteri'll never lie to american people
797087141Bay of Pigs1961- Kennedy's first crisis
797087142Malcolm Xrejected his slave name
797087143Gerald FordThe president no one voted for for president
797087144ReaganomicsTrickle down economics- tax cuts on rich
797087145Voting Rights Act of 1965a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.
797087146War Powers Actlimits use of troops overseas without congressional approval.
797087147Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceAn organization founded by MLK Jr., to direct the crusade against segregation. Its weapon was passive resistance that stressed nonviolence and love, and its tactic direct, though peaceful, confrontation.
797087148Tet Offensive1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment.
797087149Cuban Missile Crisis1962 OCt. the closest we have come to being nuked
797087150George Wallacesegregationist in 68 election
797087151Roe vs. Wadethe U.S. supreme Court ruled that there is a fundamental right ro privacy, which includes a woman's decision to have an abortion. Up until the third trimester the state allows abortion.
797087152hippiescountercultural kids of 1960s
797087153Equal Rights AmendmentIt got 35 of 38 needed states for ratification
797087154SNCC(Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)-a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination; they were the ones primarily responsible for creating the sit-in movement.
797087155John F. KennedyPresident during part of the cold war and especially during the superpower rivalry and the cuban missile crisis. He was the president who went on tv and told the public about the crisis and allowed the leader of the soviet uinon to withdraw their missiles. Other events, which were during his terms was the building of the berlin wall, the space race, and early events of the Vietnamese war.
797087156Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionGave Johnson a blank check in Vietnam
797087157Ronald Reagan1981-1989,"Great Communicator" Republican, conservative economic policies, replaced liberal Democrats in upper house with consevative Democrats or "boll weevils" , at reelection time, jesse jackson first black presdiential candidate, Geraldine Ferraro as VP running mate (first woman)
797087158Martin Luther King Jr.Was assassinated in 1968 in Tennessee
797087159Gideon vs. Wainwrightthe 1963 decision holding that anyone accused of a felony where imprisonment may be imposed, however poor he/she might be, has a right to a lawyer.
797087160Great SocietyPresident Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.
797087161Lee Harvey OswaldOn November 22, 1963, he assassinated President Kennedy who was riding downtown Dallas, Texas. Oswald was later shot in front of television cameras by Jack Ruby.
797087162Camp David Accordspeace between israel and egypt
797087163affirmative actionprograms intended to make up for past discrimination by helping minority groups and women gain access to jobs and opportunities.
797087164Civil Rights Act 1964This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.
797087165Lyndon Johnson36th president; signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid.
797087166Kent Statewhere 13 students were shot, 4 killed in 1970
797087167Black Panthersbelievers in right to bear arms in civil rights struggle.
797087168Bakke v board of regentsUS court case in which Bakke was denied to University of California Medical School twice to people less qualified based on race. Case determined that affirmative action is legal as long as filling quotas is not used.
797087169Japanese intermentrefers to the forcible relocation and internment of approximately 110,000 Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans to housing facilities called "War Relocation Camps", in the wake of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Upheld by Korematsu v. US.
797087170Greensboro sit-insBlack students politely order food from restaurant, not served, sat in place for days, gathering supporters. Successful. Started in the 1960's at a Woolworth's lunch counter.
797087171Julius and Ethel RosenbergArrested in the Summer of 1950 and executed in 1953, they were convicted of conspiring to commit espionage by passing plans for the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Were executed for selling A-bomb secrets.
797087172U-2 incidentThe incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States. A US spy plane was shot down in 1960.
797087173Alger HissA former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon. Was accused by Chambers of being a state dept. communist agent.
797087174Henry WallaceA former Democratic who ran on the New Progressive Party due to his disagreement on Truman's policy with the Soviets. He caused the Democratic party to split even more during the election season.
797087175baby boomersThe 78 million people born during the baby boom, following World War II and lasting until the early 1960s.
797087176Little Rock school crisis(1957) when segregation became illegal, AK's Govrnr Faubus sent the Arkansas Nat'l Guard to prevent 9 African-Ame. students from entering Little Rock Central High School. in response, Eisenhower sent in U.S. paratroopers to ensure the students could attend class.
797087177GI Bill of RightsLaw Passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher education. Gave veterans education rights after WWII.
797087178Jackie RobinsonThe first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans. Was the 1st Black pro baseball player 1947.
797087179National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)Established in 1958 as the government agency responsible for the United States of America's space program and long-term general aerospace research. a civilian organization, it conducts or oversees research into both civilian and military aerospace systems.
797087180Montgomery bus boycottIn 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. Was led by ML King jr. to not ride the bus.
797087181McCarthyismThe term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee. A shameful time in the 50's of falsely accusing people of communist ties.
797087182Harry TrumanPresident of the US after Roosevelt's death; approved the use of the atomic bomb against Japan.
797087183Truman DoctrinePresident Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology. Says the US will fight any NEW communist nations.
797087184Douglas MacArthurUnited States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II. Was fired for wanting to nuke China 1951.
797087185SputnikFirst artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race. The 1st manmade satellite 1957.
797087186beat generationThe generation of writers who rebelled against American Culture for its conformity, blind faith in technology, and materialism. 50's protestors of conformity- poets.
797087187Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower proposed and obtained a joint resolution from Congress authorizing the use of U.S. military forces to intervene in any country that appeared likely to fall to communism. Used in the Middle East. Said we would aid any Mid-East Nation threatened by communism.
797087188New FrontierThe campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. Kennedy's name for his policies.
797087189Dixiecratssouthern Democrats who opposed Truman's position on civil rights. They caused a split in the Democratic party. 1948 southern democrats against civl rts.
797087190Brown vs Board of Education1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
797087191Fair DealTruman's extension of the New Deal that increased min wage, expanded Social Security, and constructed low-income housing. Truman's name for his policies.
797087192containmentAmerican policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world. George Kennan's policyof stopping Soviet expansion.
797087193United NationsInternational organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations. Can send in troops if requested for peacekeeping issues.
797087194George KennanHe was an American diplomat and ambassador best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War.
797087195Korean WarThe conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.
797087196NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries. Was created to mutually defend W. Europe.
797087197dynamic conservatismEisenhower's philosophy of being liberal in all things human and being conservative with all things fiscal. Appealed to both Republicans and Democrats.
797087198Berlin AirliftJoint effort by the US and Britian to fly food and supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground routes into the city
797087199Harlem Renaissancea flowering of African American culture in the 1920s; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American.
79708720018th, 19th, 20th, 21st amendments18th- prohibition; 19th- women can vote; 20th- move presidential election from March 4th to January 20th( lame duck); 21st- you can drink again.
797087201Hoovervillescamps built outside of major cities by people who had lost their homes during the great depression called Hoovervilles because the people blamed Pres. Hoover for their situation.
797087202"Back to Africa movement"Encouraged those of African decent to return to Africa to their ancestors so that they could have their own empire because they were treated poorly in America.
797087203Palmer RaidsA 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities
797087204Warren G. HardingPresident after World War I who promised to return the US to normalism.
797087205Lend-Lease Actallowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S.
797087206court packing schemeFDR's plan to "pack" the Supreme Court with supporters to keep his New Deal programs from being declared unconstitutional.
797087207flappersYoung women who rebelled against traditional ways of thinking and acting; young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion.
797087208NAACPNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional
797087209Schenck vs. USA 1919 decision upholidng the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during WW1. Justice holmes declared that gov't can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils.
797087210Sacco and Vanzettiwere two Italian born American laborers and anarchists who were tried convicted and executed via electrocution on Aug 3 1927 in Ma for the 1920 armed robbery. it is believed they had nothing to do with the crime.
797087211TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)Built dams to control flooding,generate hydroelectrical power, and boost agricultural production, in theTennessee Valley region. Provided jobs, homes, and reforestation. it still exists
797087212Henry FordUnited States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947)
797087213Hundred Daysthe special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs. The special session lasted about three months: 100 days.
797087214New DealThe historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which President Franklin Roosevelt's economic policies were implemented.
797087215Calvin CoolidgeBecame president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.
797087216Social Security ActGuaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health.
797087217cash and carrypolicy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.
797087218Ku Klux KlanA secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their Civil Rights; resurged again in the 1920's.
797087219Scottsboro boysNine young black men between the ages of 13 to 19 were accused of raping two white women by the names of Victoria Price and Ruby Bates. All of the young men were charged and convicted of rape by white juries, despite the weak and contradictory testimonies of the witnesses
797087220Scopes trial1925 court case argued by Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan in which the issue of teaching evolution in public schools was debated
797087221Herbert HooverPresident of the U.S from 1923-1933 leader of the US in the beginning of the Great Depression. He didn't want the gov involved in the peoples lives and thought that the people should express their individual rights.
797087222Marcus GarveyFounder of United Negro Improvement Association; promoted resettlement of American blacks to own "African homeland", sponsored stores & businesses to keep money in blacks' pockets; inspiration for Nation of Islam.
797087223brain trustGroup of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression
797087224Franklin RooseveltThe 32nd president of the United States. He was president from 1933 until his death in 1945 during both the Great Depression and World War II. He is the only president to have been elected 4 times, a feat no longer permissible due to the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution.
797087225bank holidayClosing of banks for four days during the Great Depression.
797087226Margaret SangerAmerican leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.
797087227ProhibitionThe period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment.
797087228FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A federal guarantee of savings bank deposits initially of up to $2500, raised to $5000 in 1934, and frequently thereafter; continues today with a limit of $100,000
797087229Treaty of VersaillesCreated by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to repair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.
797087230League of Nationsan international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations; although suggested by Woodrow Wilson, the United States never joined and it remained powerless; it was dissolved in 1946 after the United Nations was formed
797087231muckrakersThis term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt.
797087232Open Door PolicyA policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.
797087233Fourteen Pointsthe war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations
79708723416th, 17th amendments1913 - 16th Amendment authorized Congress to levy an income tax. 1913 - 17th Amendment gave the power to elect senators to the people. Senators had previously been appointed by the legislatures of their states.
797087235Upton Sinclair (The Jungle)The author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906, the bad quality of meat and the dangerous working conditions.
797087236Sussex/Arabic Pledgespledges by the Germans before US entrance into WWI to stop using submarine warfare against US ships and to pledge not to destroy any more American citizens, in time they violated these pledges 7: 1934-1941
797087237Zimmerman Note (Telegram)1917 From the German foreign secretary to the German minister in Mexico. Offer to recover Texas and Arizona for Mexico if it would fight the US. Got US into war.
797087238Bull Moose Partynickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912
797087239Panama CanalThe United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.
797087240Federal Reserve SystemThe system created by Congress in 1913 to establish banking practices and regulate currency in circulation and the amount of credit available. It consists of 12 regional banks supervised by the Board of Governors. Often called simply the Fed.
797087241Dollar DiplomacyTerm used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries
797087242W.E.B. DuBois (Niagara movement)DuBois attacked segregation and advocated full university education for blacks, him and his supporters led the Niagara movement and founded the NAACP to fight for black civil rights
797087243Theodore Roosevelt26th President of the United States, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
797087244Gentlemen's AgreementAgreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them
797087245"Birth of a Nation"/D.W. Griffith...
797087246Emilio AguinaldoLeader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901
797087247Woodrow Wilson28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
797087248Progressive movement(1901 -1917Formed by Midwestern Farmers, Socialists, and Labor Organizers -attacked monopolies, and wanted other reforms, such as bimetallism, transportation regulation, the 8-hour work day, and income tax
797087249Big Stick PolicyRoosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen
797087250Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
797087251New NationalismTheodore Roosevelt's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Nationalism called for a national approach to the country's affairs and a strong president to deal with them. It also called for efficiency in government and society; it urged protection of children, women, and workers; accepted "good" trusts; and exalted the expert and the executive. Additionally, it encouraged large concentrations of capital and labor.
797087252Pure Food and Drug ActForbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.
797087253New FreedomWoodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.
797087254Great White Fleet1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement."
797087255Jacob RiisEarly 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen
797087256robert lafolletteRepublican Senator from Wisconsin - ran for president under the Progressive Party - proponent of Progressivism and a vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, World War I, and the League of Nations
797087257luisitaniaBritish passanger ship that was torpedoed by a German U-boat in 1915; 1200 people died and 128 Americans died.
797087258john pershingCommander of American Expeditionary Force of over 1 million troops who insisted his soldiers fight as independent units so US would have independent role in shaping the peace

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