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| 1076200695 | King Cotton | a phrase used in the Southern United States to illustrate the importance of this crop to the Confederate economy during the American Civil War | 0 | |
| 1076200696 | substistance farmers | self-sufficient farming when farmers only grow enough food to feed their family | 1 | |
| 1076200697 | squatters | someone who settles on land they do not own (many 18th and 19th century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale, requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began) | 2 | |
| 1076200699 | G. Prosser | the first armed rebellion was organized by this man and 50 other slaves living near Richmond, VA (Prosser and 25 of his followers were executed and their owners received compensation) | 3 | |
| 1076200700 | N. Turner | in 1831, he led about 30 slaves on a rampage through tidewater Virginia, killing about 60 men, woman, and children (the Southern States as a result enforced laws prohibiting the education of slaves and increased surveillance of free African Americans) | 4 | |
| 1076200701 | American Colonization Society | reflecting the focus of early abolitionists on transporting freed blacks back to Africa, this organization established Liberia, a West-African settlement inteded as a haven for emancipated slaves | 5 | |
| 1076200702 | T. Weld | abolitionist who appealed with a special power and directness in his rural audiences of untutored farmers; preached antislavery goespel | 6 | |
| 1076200703 | W. Lloyd Garrison | most conspicious and most vilified of the abolitionists, published "The Liberator" in Boston, helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society; favored Northern secession and renounced politics | 7 | |
| 1076200704 | American Anti Slavery Society | abolitionist society founded by William Loyd Garrison, who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery; by 1838, the organization had more than 250,000 members | 8 | |
| 1076200705 | S. Truth | freed black woman in New York who fought tirelessly for black emancipation and women's rights | 9 | |
| 1076200706 | F. Douglass | born a slave but escaped to the North and became a prominent black abolitionist; gifted orator, writer, and editor | 10 | |
| 1076200707 | Liberty Party | America's first antislavery political party, formed in 1840; when the party ran a presidential candidate in the 1844 election, it split the Republican vote and inadvertently tipped the 1844 election in favor of Democrat James Polk | 11 | |
| 1076200708 | Gag Rule | prohibited debate or action on antislavery appeals; driven through the House by pro-slavery Southerners, it passed every year for eight years, eventually overturned with the help of John Quincy Adams | 12 | |
| 1076200709 | E. Lovejoy | an American Presbyterian minister, journalist, and newspaper editor who was murdered by a mob in Alton, Illinois for his abolitionist views | 13 | |
| 1076200710 | Wilmot Proviso | aimed to ban slavery in land gained from Mexico in the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 | 14 | |
| 1076200711 | Popular Sovereignty | the idea that issues should be decided upon by the people (specifically, it applied to slavery, stating that the people in the territories should decide to legalize it or not) | 15 | |
| 1076200712 | Free Soil Party | a party committed against the extension of slavery in the territories and one that also advocated federal aid for internal improvements and urged free government homesteads for settlers | 16 | |
| 1076200713 | Underground Railroad | a secret organization that took runaway slaves north to Canada | 17 | |
| 1076200714 | H. Tubman | she freed more than 300 slaves during 19 trips to the South | 18 | |
| 1076200715 | Omnibus Bill | endorsed by Henry Clay, if it passed it would make California a free state and end the slave trade in D.C. (also promised the South tougher fugitive slave law) | 19 | |
| 1076200716 | J. Calhoun | Southern spokesman who pleaded for states' rights, for slavery to be left alone, for the return of runaway slaves, the restoration of the rights of the South as a minority, and the return for political balance | 20 | |
| 1076200717 | fire-eaters | Southerners who were passionate about the slavery issue | 21 | |
| 1076200718 | W. Seward | a young senator from New York, he hated slavery, but he didn't seem to realize that the Union was built on compromise, and he said that Christian legislators must adhere to a "higher law" and not allow slavery to exist; this might have cost him the 1860 presidential election | 22 | |
| 1076200719 | Compromise of 1850 | for the North: California admitted as a free state Texas lost its territory of New Mexico and Oregon Slave trade became illegal in Washington D.C. for the South: popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession lands Fugitive Slave Law | 23 | |
| 1076200720 | Fugitive Slave Act | (1) fleeing slaves couldn't testify on their own behalf, (2) the federal commissioner who handled the case got $5 if the slave was free and $10 if not, and (3) people who were ordered to help catch slaves had to do so, even if they didn't want to | 24 | |
| 1076200721 | Ostend Manifesto | stated that the U.S. was to offer $120 million to Spain for Cuba, and if it refused and Spain's ownership of Cuba continued to endanger the U.S., then America would be justified in seizing the island | 25 | |
| 1076200722 | Commodore Perry | he went into the harbor of Tokyo in 1854 and asked/forced them to open up their nation (this broke Japan's centuries-old tradition of isolation, and started them down a road of modernization and then imperialism and militarism) | 26 | |
| 1076200723 | Gadsden Purchase | purchase of Mexico for 10 million for a transcontinental railroad | 27 | |
| 1076200724 | S. Douglas | he orated on behalf of the Compromise of 1850 for the North, and proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act | 28 | |
| 1076200725 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | would let slavery in Kansas and Nebraska be decided upon by popular sovereignty (directly wrecked the Missouri Compromise of 1820) | 29 | |
| 1076200726 | H. Beecher Stowe | published Uncle Tom's Cabin, a popular book that awakened the passions of the North toward the evils of slavery | 30 | |
| 1076200727 | H. Helper | a non-aristocratic white North Carolinian, who tried to prove, by an array of statistics, that the non-slave-holding Southern whites were really the ones most hurt by slavery | 31 | |
| 1076200728 | Beecher's Bibles | the rifles that Henry Beecher bought with his money for those willing to oppose slavery in Kansas and Nebraska | 32 | |
| 1076200729 | Lawrence Kansas | a group of pro-slavery raiders shot up and burnt part of this city, thus starting violence | 33 | |
| 1076200730 | Pottawatomie Creek Massacre | John Brown led a band of followers to this place in 1856 and hacked to death five presumable pro-slaveryites | 34 | |
| 1076200731 | Lecompten Constitution | provided that the people were only allowed to vote for the constitution "with slavery" or "without slavery" (angry free-soilers boycotted the polls and Kansas approved the constitution with slavery) | 35 | |
| 1076200732 | Brooks-Sumner Incident | southern congressman beat an anti-slavery senator with a cane, cheered on by southerners | 36 | |
| 1076200733 | Republican Party | began in the 1850s, dedicated to keeping slavery out of the territories, but they championed a wider range of issues, including the further development of national roads, more liberal land distribution in the West, and increased protective tariffs (comprised of Whigs, Northern Democrats, and Free-Soilers) | 37 | |
| 1076200734 | Dred Scott Case | 1857; a slave who sued the U.S. for his freedom after living in free territories - resulted in the Supreme Court ruling that slaves are not citizens but are property, affirmed that property cannot be interfered with by Congress, slaves do not become free if they travel to free territories or states, fueled abolitionist movement, hailed as victory for the south | 38 | |
| 1076200735 | A. Lincoln | inaugurated president in 1861 (he marked restoration of the union as his top goal, and offered doubts about it splitting) | 39 | |
| 1076200736 | Freeport Doctrine | given by Douglas, said that no matter how the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the people voted it down; since power was held by the people | 40 | |
| 1076200737 | John Brown | he led a raid of Harper's Ferry, Virginia, but the slaves didn't revolt, and he was captured by the U.S. Marines under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee and convicted of treason, sentenced to death, and hanged | 41 | |
| 1076200738 | Constitutional Union Party | the "Know-Nothings" chose John Bell of Tennessee and called themselves this (they tried to mend fences and offered as their platform, simply, the Constitution) | 42 | |
| 1076200739 | Secession crisis | Southerners threatened that Lincoln's election would result in this | 43 | |
| 1076200740 | Confederacy | South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded and met in Montgomery, Alabama in 1861 and created | 44 | |
| 1076200741 | Crittenden Compromise | would ban slavery north of the 36°30' line extended to the Pacific and would leave the issue in territories south of the line up to the people; also, existing slavery south of the line would be protected | 45 | |
| 1076200742 | Fort Sumter | one of the few forts that hadn't joined the Confederacy, Lincoln chose to send supplies to it, and he told the South Carolinian governor that the ship to the fort only held provisions, not reinforcements (however, to the South, provisions were reinforcements, and on April 12, 1861, cannons were fired onto the fort; after 34 hours of non-lethal firing, the fort surrendered) | 46 | |
| 1076200743 | Border States | (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland) were crucial for both sides (they were slave states which hadn't seceded, but which could've at any moment) | 47 | |
| 1076200744 | King Wheat/Corn | beat King Cotton of the South, since Europe needed the food much more than it needed the cotton | 48 | |
| 1076200745 | Trent Affair | in 1861 a Union warship stopped the British mail steamer and removed two Confederate diplomats bound for Europe | 49 | |
| 1076200746 | Alabama | sea vessel that escaped to the Portuguese Azores, took on weapons and crew from Britain, but never sailed into a Confederate base, thus using a loophole to help the South | 50 | |
| 1076200747 | J. Davis | named president of the Confederacy, he was a former US senator as well as secretary of war (never really popular and he overworked himself) | 51 | |
| 1076200748 | Habeus Corpus | a citizen's right to be brought promptly before a judge and told why he has been arrested (this is a Constitutional right which Lincoln suspended during the Civil War) | 52 | |
| 1076200749 | Enrollment Act | in 1863, it said that every able-bodied white male citizen aged 20 to 45 now faced the draft | 53 | |
| 1076200750 | Conscription Act | required all able bodied men from 17-45 to serve for 3 years | 54 | |
| 1076200751 | Greenbacks | paper money issued by the Washington Treasury, very unstable | 55 | |
| 1076200752 | Legal Tender Act | Lincoln signed this in 1862, authorizing $150 million in greenbacks | 56 | |
| 1076200753 | Homestead Act | passed in 1862, it embodied the republican party's ideal of free soil, free labor and free men (granted 160 acres of public land to settlers after five years of residence on the land) | 57 | |
| 1076200754 | Bull Run | in 1861, amateur armies clashed -Confederates were helped by some last minute reinforcements and by the disorganization of the attacking union, and won the battle | 58 | |
| 1076200755 | G. McClellan | commander of the Army of the Potomac, the Union's main fighting force in the East (devised the Peninsula Campaign) | 59 | |
| 1076200756 | Peninsula Campaign | McClellan decided upon a water-borne approach to Richmond, the South's capital, but it took him a month to capture Yorktown before coming to Richmond (disliked by Lincoln, and ended up not working) | 60 | |
| 1076200757 | Antietam | McClellan's men were able to stop the Southerners here (the display of power by the union gave Lincoln encouragement to announce his Emancipation Proclamation) | 61 | |
| 1076200758 | Emancipation Proclamation | didn't actually free the slaves, but gave the general idea; it was announced on January 1, 1863 (Lincoln said the slaves would be free in the seceded states but NOT the border states as doing so might anger them into seceding too) | 62 | |
| 1076200759 | 13th Amendment | states had to ratify this in order to be let back into the Union (it abolished slavery) | 63 | |
| 1076200760 | Gettysburg | largest battle in the Western Hemisphere, after three days of fighting Lee retreats, 23,000 union casualties and 28,000 confederate casualties (hurt Southern hopes of victory on Northern soil) | 64 | |
| 1076200761 | U. Grant | Union General, Mex-American war veteran; in 1861-62 he retained control of Missouri and Kentucky | 65 | |
| 1076200762 | W. Sherman | mex-American war vet, union general who attacked Georgia and took Atlanta | 66 | |
| 1076200763 | Copperheads | those who were totally against the war, and denounced the president | 67 | |
| 1076200764 | Appomattox | Grant and his men captured Richmond, burnt it, and cornered Lee here 1865, where Lee formally surrendered; the war was over | 68 | |
| 1076200765 | Exodusters | name given to African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880 because of racial oppression | 69 | |
| 1076200766 | Freedmen's Bureau | relief, education and employment of former slaves (40 acres of abandoned or confiscated land would be leased to each freedman or southern unionist with later option to buy) | 70 | |
| 1076200767 | 10% Plan | the southern states could be reintegrated into the Union if and when they had a certain percentage of voters pledge and take an oath to the Union | 71 | |
| 1076200768 | Radical Republicans | felt punishment was due the South for all the years of strife (they feared that the leniency of the 10 % Plan would allow the Southerners to re-enslave the newly freed Blacks, so they rammed the Wade-Davis Bill through Congress) | 72 | |
| 1076200769 | Wade Davis Bill | required 50% of the states' voters to take oaths of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than the 10% Plan | 73 | |
| 1076200770 | Black Codes | laws aimed at keeping the Black population in submission and workers in the fields | 74 | |
| 1076200771 | Civil Rights Bill of 1866 | conferred on blacks the privilege of American citizenship and struck at the Black Codes | 75 | |
| 1076200772 | 14th Amendment | (1) all Blacks were American citizens, (2) if a state denied citizenship to Blacks, then its representatives in the Electoral College were lowered, (3) former Confederates could not hold federal or state office, and (4) the federal debt was guaranteed while the Confederate one was repudiated | 76 | |
| 1076200773 | T. Stevens | Radical Republican leader in the House (an old, sour man who was an unswerving friend of the Blacks) | 77 | |
| 1076200774 | C. Sumner | Radical Republican leader in the Senate | 78 | |
| 1076200775 | Reconstruction Act of 1867 | divided the South into five military zones, temporarily disfranchised tens of thousands of former Confederates, and laid down new guidelines for the readmission of states | 79 | |
| 1076200776 | 15th Amendment | passed by Congress in 1869, gave Blacks their right to vote | 80 | |
| 1076200777 | Scalawags | Southerners who were accused of plundering Southern treasuries and selling out the Southerners | 81 | |
| 1076200778 | Carpetbaggers | Northerners accused of parasitically milking power and profit in a now-desolate South | 82 | |
| 1076200779 | KKK | secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern states and eventually having national scope, that are best known for advocating white supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes | 83 | |
| 1076200780 | Tenure of Office Act | provided that the president had to secure the consent of the Senate before removing his appointees once they had been approved by the Senate | 84 | |
| 1076200781 | Seward's Folly | most of the public jeered at the purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million | 85 | |
| 1076200782 | Boss Tweed | employed bribery, graft, and fake elections to cheat NYC of as much as $200 million | 86 | |
| 1076200783 | Thomas Nast | political cartoonist, constantly drew against Tammany's corruption | 87 | |
| 1076200784 | Credit Mobiler Scandal | a railroad construction company paid itself huge sums of money for small railroad construction | 88 | |
| 1076200785 | Liberal Republican Revolt | a power wave of disgust at Grant's administration was building, and reformers organized this party and nominated Horace Greeley (the campaign was filled with mudslinging) | 89 | |
| 1076200786 | Amnesty Act of 1872 | removed political disabilities from all but some 500 former Confederate leaders in 1872 | 90 | |
| 1076200787 | Election of 1876 | Republicans nominated Rutherford B. Hayes, while the Democrats ran Samuel Tilden (Tilden getting 184 votes out of a needed 185 in the Electoral College, but votes in four states, Louisiana, South Carolina, Florida, and part of Oregon, were unsure and disputed) | 91 | |
| 1076200788 | Compromise of 1877 | the Senate and the House met to settle the dispute, and eventually, Hayes became president (also, military rule in the South ended) | 92 | |
| 1076200789 | Sharecropping | most blacks resorted to this, providing nothing but labor | 93 | |
| 1076200790 | Crop-lien System | system that allowed farmers to get more credit (they used harvested crops to pay back their loans) | 94 | |
| 1076200791 | Jim Crow Laws | segregation was legalized through this | 95 | |
| 1076200792 | Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional | 96 | |
| 1076200793 | US v. Reese | an 1876 voting rights case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld such practices as the poll tax and the literacy test | 97 |
