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AP US History Period 4 (1800-1848) General Terminology Flashcards

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5467879611interchangeable partsParts that were identical and which could be substituted for one another; developed by Eli Whitney for the manufacturing of muskets; became a hallmark of the American factory system0
5467879613turnpikeA road in which tolls were collected at gates set up along the road1
5467879630tariffA tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers.2
5467879634sectionalistPerson devoted to the cause of a particular section of the country (usually North or South), as opposed to the nation as a whole3
5467879635embargoA government order prohibiting commerce in or out of a port4
5467879636nationalismA strong devotion to the nation as the central political entity, often in a narrow or aggressive fashion; usually involves feelings of superiority over other nations or ideaologies5
5467879637internal improvementsThe basic public works, such as roads and canals, that create the structure for economic development.6
5467879638depressionIn economics, a severe and often prolonged period of declining economic activity, rising unemployment, and falling wages and prices.7
5467879639boomIn economics, a period of sudden, spectacular expansion of business activity or prices.8
5467879640constituentsThe body of voters or supporters in a district, regarded as a group.9
5467879641hard moneyGold and Silver coins, as distinguished from paper money.10
5467879642deferenceThe yielding of opinion to the judgment of someone else.11
5467879643subversiveTending to corrupt, overthrow, or destroy something established.12
5467879644puritanicalExtremely or excessively strict in matters of morals or religion.13
5467879645usurpationThe act of seizing, occupying, or enjoying the place, power, or functions of someone without right.14
5467879646mudslingingMalicious, unscrupulous attacks against an opponent.15
5467879647machineA political organization, often controlled through patronage or spoils.16
5467879649incumbentThe person currently holding an office.17
5467879650impostA tax, particularly a tariff or duty on imported goods.18
5467879651appeasementThe policy of giving in to demands of a hostile of dangerous power in hope of avoiding conflict.19
5467879652prejudiceUnreasonable suspicion, bias, or hatred directed at members of a group.20
5467879653ritualA set form or system of ceremonies, often but not necessarily religious.21
5467879654evangelicalConcerning religious belief, commonly Protestant, that emphasizes personal salvation, individual and voluntary religious commitment, and the authority of Scripture.22
5467879655platformA statement of the principles or positions of a political party.23
5467879656denominationsIn American religion, the major branches of Christianity, organized into separate national churches structures; e.g., Presbyterians, Baptists, Disciples of Christ.24
5467879657prolificProducing a large number of something.25
5467879658temperanceModeration, or sometimes total abstinence, as regards drinking alcohol.26
5467879659nativistOne who advocates favoring native-born citizens over aliens or immigrants.27
5467879660factoryAn establishment for the manufacturing of goods, including buildings and substantial machinery.28
5467879661liabilityLegal responsibility for loss or damage.29
5467879662incorporationThe formation of individuals into a legally organized group, usually a business.30
5467879663labor unionAn organization of workers—usually wage-earning workers—to promote the interests and welfare of its members, often by collective bargaining with employers.31
5467879664strikeAn organized work stoppage by employees in order to obtain better wages, working conditions, and so on.32
5467879665capitalistAn individual or group who uses private property to produce goods for profit in an open market.33
5467879666posterityLater descendants or subsequent generations.34
5467879667productivityIn economics, the relative capacity to produce goods and services, measured in terms of the number of workers and machines needed to create goods in a certain length of time.35
5467879668transientReferring to a person without a fixed or long-term home or job; a migrant.36
5467879669polygamyThe practice or condition of having two or more spouses at one time.37
5467879670theocracyLiterally, rule by God, the term is often applied to a state where religious leaders exercise direct or indirect political authority.38
5467879671zealotOne who is carried away by a cause to an extreme or excessive degree.39
5467879672communisticReferring to the theory or practice in which the means of production are owned by the community as a whole.40
5467879673nonconformistOne who refuses to follow established or conventional ideas or habits; often referred to as part of a "counter-culture".41
5467879674providence (providencial)Under the care and direction of God or other benevolent natural or supernatural forces.42

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