AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Period 4: 1800 - 1848 Chapter 7 - 11
Terms : Hide Images
| 5588387119 | Second Great Awakenings | Began in the early decades of the 19th century. Partly a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment and the American Revolution. It affected all sections of the country, but in the northern states it touched off social reform that drove the reform movements of this period. (p. 207) |  | 0 |
| 5588387120 | market revolution | Starting in the early 19th century, this revolution produced vast economic growth. Farmers fed the workers in the cities, the cities provided farm families with an array of mass produced goods. |  | 1 |
| 5588387121 | Thomas Jefferson | He was George Washington's first secretary of state. A Democrat-Republican, he was the nation's third president from 1801 to 1809. He stressed the basic principles of constitutional government and limited central government. He appeased the Federalists by maintaining the national bank and debt repayment plan of Hamilton, carried on the neutrality policies of Washington and Adams, reduced the size of the military. He eliminated some federal jobs, repealed excise taxes, and lowered the national debt. In 1803, he made the Louisiana Purchase from France. |  | 2 |
| 5588387122 | Battle of New Orleans | General Andrew Jackson won this battle in New Orleans against the British on January 8, 1815. The War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent two weeks earlier, but word had not yet reached the United States. |  | 3 |
| 5588387123 | Era of Good Feelings | Term to describe James Monroe's period as president (1817-1825). The Democratic-Republicans party dominated politics. On the surface everything looked fine, however there were conflicts over tariffs, the national bank, internal improvements, and public land sales. |  | 4 |
| 5588387124 | Jacksonian Democracy | The time period 1829 to 1837 when Andrew Jackson was president. This era was also known as the Age of the Common Man. |  | 5 |
| 5588387125 | American Indian removal | President Andrew Jackson supported the land-hungry citizens who want to take over lands held by the American Indians. In 1830, he passed the Indian Removal Act, which forced the resettlement o many thousands of American Indians. By 1835 most of the eastern tribes had reluctantly moved to an area in today's Oklahoma. |  | 6 |
| 5588387126 | Romanticism in paintings and literature - romantic movement | Evoked the wonder of the nation's landscape. The Hudson River School of painters were the most prominent. Noted authors of the period included Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Washington Irving, and James Fenimore Cooper. |  | 7 |
| 5588387127 | Nullification Crisis | In 1832, South Carolina passed a resolution forbidding the collection of tariffs in the state. This was nullifying a federal law at the state level. President Andrew Jackson threatened use of federal troops against South Carolina and a compromise was reached. |  | 8 |
| 5588387128 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | A women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention. |  | 9 |
| 5588387129 | cotton gin | This machine was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers so cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. As a result more cotton was grown in the South and more slaves were needed to pick cotton in the fields. |  | 10 |
| 5588387130 | War Hawks | The 1810 congressional election brought a group of young Democratic-Republicans to Congress. Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun they gained influence in the House of Representatives. They argued that war with Britain was the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier. |  | 11 |
| 5588387131 | William Lloyd Garrison | Advocated the immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation to their owners. He was also the writer of the "Liberator." | 12 | |
| 5588387132 | Lucretia Mott | Early feminist who advocated for women's rights and against slavery. | 13 | |
| 5588387133 | Republican Motherhood/Cult of Domesticity | After industrialization occurred women became the moral leaders in the home and educators of children. Men were responsible for economic and political affairs. |  | 14 |
| 5588387134 | Sectionalism: The North | Largely urban population that worked in factories. | 15 | |
| 5588387135 | Sectionalism: The South | Largely agricultural, mostly cotton from 1830-1850. | 16 | |
| 5588387136 | Sectionalism: The West | Largely trapping and hunting, citizens lived a secluded life away from others. | 17 | |
| 5588387137 | Democratic-Republicans | Favored the common man, weak central government, hated the National Bank, was pro-immigration, wanted slow and cautious westward expansion. | 18 | |
| 5588387138 | Federalists | Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion. | 19 | |
| 5588387139 | National Republicans | Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank, favored internal improvements. | 20 | |
| 5588387140 | Whigs | Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank and Internal Improvements, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion; above all else HATED Andrew Jackson. | 21 | |
| 5588387141 | Impressment | Practice of the British navy of stealing Americans and forcing them into service in the British Navy. | 22 | |
| 5588387142 | Treaty of Ghent | Ended the War of 1812, establish status quo antebellum. | 23 | |
| 5588387143 | Oliver Hazard Perry | "We have met the enemy, and they are ours." Battle of Lake Erie. | 24 | |
| 5588387144 | Frances Scott Key | Wrote the Star Spangled banner at the Battle of Fort McHenry. | 25 | |
| 5588387145 | Monroe Doctrine | Warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. The United States largely lacked the power to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British, who sought unfettered access to Latin American markets. |  | 26 |
| 5588387146 | Missouri Compromise | An 1820 compromise crafted by Henry Clay, it consisted of three bills. * Admit Missouri as a slave-holding state * Admit Maine as a free state * Prohibit slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36 30. |  | 27 |
| 5588387147 | King Andrew | Nickname given to President Andrew Jackson when his opponents did not like his use of the veto power. |  | 28 |
| 5588387148 | Nat Turner Rebellion | In 1831, this Virginia slave led a revolt in which 55 whites were killed. In retaliation, whites killed hundreds of African American and put down the revolt. |  | 29 |
| 5588387149 | Marbury v. Madison | Established the Supreme Court's policy of judicial review. |  | 30 |
| 5588387150 | American System | Henry Clay, a leader in the House of Representatives proposed this system to advance the nation's economy. It consisted of: * Protective Tariffs: * National Bank * Internal Improvements |  | 31 |
| 5588387151 | The Lowell Mill Factory | The system that recruited young farm women to work in the textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts. The were housed in company dormitories near the mills. |  | 32 |
| 5588387152 | Seneca Falls Convention | In 1848, this was the first women's rights convention in U.S. history. They wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments", modeled after the Declaration of Independence, which declared all men and women equal and listed grievances. |  | 33 |
| 5588387153 | Transcendentalists | They questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. Mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of God in nature. Artistic expression was more important than pursuit of wealth. They valued individualism and supported the antislavery movement. |  | 34 |
| 5588387154 | Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | In 1799, Democratic-Republican leaders passed resolutions in two state legislatures that challenged federal laws enacted by the Federalist party. The states argued that they had the right to nullify laws passed at the federal level. |  | 35 |
| 5588387155 | Trail of Tears | In 1838 the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and move to Oklahoma. 4,000 Cherokees died on the march. |  | 36 |
| 5588387156 | Hartford Convention (1814) | In December 1814, a special convention was held due to opposition to the the War of 1812, some radical Federalist in the Northeast want to secede from the United States, but that it was rejected. However, to limit the power of the Democratic-Republicans they adopted a proposal that a two-thirds vote of both houses would be required for any future declaration of war. |  | 37 |
| 5588387157 | Panic 1837 | Was a result of Jackson's defeat of the National Bank. | 38 | |
| 5588387158 | Martin Van Buren | Became President after Andrew Jackson, won the election because of Jackson's popularity. Was faced with economic troubles. | 39 | |
| 5588387159 | Tippecanoe and Tyler Too! | William Henry Harrison's campaign slogan. | 40 | |
| 5588387160 | Tecumseh | "They have pushed us from the seas to the lakes, we can go no further." Advocated fighting Americans to stop westward progression and renew British alliances. | 41 | |
| 5588387161 | The Prophet | Advocated relocation rather than fighting Americans westward progression in order to preserve remnants of Native culture. | 42 | |
| 5588387162 | The Embargo of 1807 | Cut off all US trade with the world, attempting to maintain American neutrality. | 43 | |
| 5588387163 | Non-intercourse Act | Allowed the US to trade with any nations other than Great Britain and France | 44 | |
| 5588387164 | Macon's Bill no. 2 | Allowed the US to trade with either Great Britain or France depending on who recognized American sovereignty and neutrality first. | 45 | |
| 5588387165 | Adams-Onis Treaty | Grave the United States Florida in exchange for taking on Spain's $5 million debt to American citizens. | 46 | |
| 5588387166 | Old Hickory | Nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans. | 47 | |
| 5588387167 | Treaty of 1818 | Granted the United States join occupation of Oregon with Great Britain. | 48 | |
| 5588387168 | Worcester v. Georgia | Supreme Court case regarding Cherokee rights to land in the United States. | 49 | |
| 5588387169 | John Q. Adams | Elected in 1824 as a result of a bargain struck by Henry Clay. | 50 | |
| 5588387170 | The Tariff of 1828 | Increased taxes on imported goods to almost 50%; which positively effected American manufacturing. | 51 | |
| 5588387171 | Force Bill | Permitted Andrew Jackson to organize troops to prevent South Carolina from secession. | 52 | |
| 5588387172 | Increased Voter Turnout | -elimination of landownership, -increased news circulation, -increased education/literacy -changes to candidate selection | 53 | |
| 5588387173 | Henry Clay | Created the Tariff of 1833 to solve the Nullification Crisis, developed the American System, Speaker of the House, Secretary of State under JQA, Whig leaders, leader of the War Hawks (face it the most awesome historical figure after the death of GW) | 54 | |
| 5588387174 | Virginia Dynasty | Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe | 55 | |
| 5588387175 | Results of the War of 1812 | -American Nationalism -War Heroes -Death of the Federalist Party | 56 | |
| 5588387176 | Abolitionist | A person who strongly favors doing away with slavery | 57 | |
| 5588387177 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | (1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869. | 58 | |
| 5588387178 | Fredrick Douglass | American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published an autobiography, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star. | 59 | |
| 5588387179 | Horace Mann | A leader of educational reform, he became the head of the Massachusetts Board Of Education in 1837; he lengthened the school year to six months, doubled teachers' salaries, and improved curriculum and teacher training | 60 | |
| 5588387180 | Harriet Tubman | United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913) | 61 | |
| 5588387181 | Lucretia Mott | Was a Quaker, helped fugitive enslaved workers and organized the Philadelphia Female Anti- Slavery Society. Met Elizabeth Cady Stanton at the world antislavery convention in London, and organized Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. | 62 | |
| 5588387182 | Seneca Falls Convention | A women's right convention organized in 1848 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, two female abolitionists, in New York; they advocated women's right to vote and the right to enter all-male trades, professions, and businesses | 63 | |
| 5588387183 | Soujourner Truth | From her home in New York she waged a constant battle for the abolition of slavery. Former slave, also a prominent figure in the fight for women's rights. | 64 | |
| 5588387184 | Suffrage | Term that refers to the right to vote. The most controversial issue at the Seneca Fall Convention. | 65 | |
| 5588387185 | Susan B. Anthony | A leader in the struggle for women's rights, she advocated equal pay for women, college training for girls, coeducation, and women's right to vote. She continued the suffrage movement until her death in 1906. | 66 | |
| 5588387186 | Temperance movement | A crusade that used lectures, pamphlets, and revival-style rallies to warn people of dangers of alcohol | 67 | |
| 5588387187 | William Lloyd Garrison | One of the first white abolitionists to call for the immediate and complete emancipation of enslaved people, he started the New England Antislavery Society in 1832 and the American Antislavery Society the next year. Founded the newspaper, The Liberator. | 68 | |
| 5588387188 | Second Great Awakening | a religious revival that started in the early 19th century and ended in the mid 1800s. It inspired social reforms and a change in music, art, and literature. | 69 | |
| 5588387189 | Dorothea Dix | She advocated for Asylum reform, rather than placing mentally and physically disabled persons in regular prisons | 70 | |
| 5588387190 | Charles Finney | A leading evangelist of the Second Great Awakening, he preached that each person had capacity for spiritual rebirth and salvation and that through individual effort could be saved. His concept of "utility of benevolence" proposed the reformation of society as well as of individuals. | 71 | |
| 5588387191 | Hudson River School | Founded by Thomas Cole, first native school of landscape painting in the U.S.; attracted artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition, painted many scenes of New York's Hudson River | 72 | |
| 5588387192 | Utopian communities | Idealistic and impractical communities. Who, Rather than seeking to create an ideal government or reform the world, withdrew from the sinful, corrupt world to work their miracles in microcosm, hoping to imitate the elect state of affairs that existed among the Apostles. ex) Brook Farm, Oneida, New Harmony | 73 | |
| 5588387193 | transcendentalism | A philosophy pioneered in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. | 74 | |
| 5588387194 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom; prime example of a transcendentalist; "Nature" & "Self-Reliance" | 75 | |
| 5588387195 | Henry David Thoreau | American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support him Mexican War. | 76 | |
| 5588387196 | John James Audubon | American artist who drew birds, mammals, plants, and other subjects of nature giving special attention to the relationship between animals and their habitats. | 77 | |
| 5588387197 | James Forten | An African American business leader and abolitionist who owned a sailmaking company and was active in the Underground Railroad | 78 | |
| 5588387198 | American Colonization Society | Organization established with the goal of transporting free blacks to a colony in Africa; founded Liberia in 1821-22 | 79 | |
| 5588387199 | Elijah Lovejoy | American Presbyterian minister, journalist, and news paper editor who was murdered by a mob for his abolitionist views | 80 | |
| 5588387200 | Richard Allen | An African American preacher who helped start the free African society and the African Methodist Episcopal church | 81 | |
| 5588395443 | John Marshall | created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the Supreme Court. Supported Federalists. | 82 | |
| 5588403812 | McCulloch vs. Maryland | The state of Maryland taxed banknotes produced by the Bank of the United States, claiming that the Bank was unconstitutional. Using implied powers, Marshall countered that the Bank was constitutional and ruled that Maryland was forbidden from taxing the Bank. | 83 | |
| 5588410030 | Gibbons vs. Ogden | Only Congress can regulate interstate commerce | 84 | |
| 5588423474 | Talmadge Amendment | amendment to MO statehood bill that would prohibit introduction of slaves into MO and provide gradual emancipation of slaves already there | 85 | |
| 5588444354 | Cyrus McCormick | Invented the mechanical reaper | 86 | |
| 5588448538 | National Road | The first highway built by the federal government. Constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West. | 87 | |
| 5588452066 | Seminole Wars | Indian resistance -Seminole Indians refused to leave their land. Led by Osceola fought 7 - year war against US Army 1842 finally forced moved west | 88 |
