people/places that influenced the u.s. colonization
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| 212932812 | Hernan Cortes | the conquistador that conquered the Aztecs | 0 | |
| 212932813 | Encomienda | Spanish labor system in the new world (teach native Spanish and convert them-they work for you) | 1 | |
| 212932814 | Leif Eriksson | Viking, discovered America 500 years before Columbus | 2 | |
| 212932815 | Amerigo Vespucci | reason why america isn't called Columbia | 3 | |
| 212932816 | Beringia | Land bridge that the first Asians crossed 35,000-40,000 years ago | 4 | |
| 212932817 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador who conquered Atahualpa and the Incas | 5 | |
| 212932818 | Martin Luther | Help start the protestant reformation when he put his 95 theses on the church door | 6 | |
| 212932819 | Peter Minuit | Purchased Manhattan Island for $24 (in trinkets and goods) | 7 | |
| 212932820 | Bartholomeu Dias | first explorer (Portuguese) to reach the southern tip of Africa in 1488 | 8 | |
| 212932821 | Henry VIII | the king who created the Anglican Church | 9 | |
| 212932822 | Protestant Reformation | Movement against Catholic church from Martin Luther (95 theses) and the idea of faith alone | 10 | |
| 212932823 | Giovanni De Verrazano | French explorer (actually Italian) sent by King Francis I (1524) to find a northwest passage explored; explored the coast of North America | 11 | |
| 212932824 | Aztecs | Native American Society that practiced human sacrifice and ruled central Mexico and founded Tenochtitlan (mexico city) | 12 | |
| 212932825 | Peninsular | People in Spanish New World- Born in Europe | 13 | |
| 212932826 | Philip II | King of Spain, sent the Spanish Armada to destroy England (but was defeated- weakening Spain and empowering England) | 14 | |
| 212932827 | Sea Dogs | English "Pirates" who attacked spanish ships | 15 | |
| 212932828 | Georgia | Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 as a debtors haven and also served as a buffer state between (rich) South Carolina and Spanish Florida | 16 | |
| 212932829 | Huguenots | People in France who converted to calvanism | 17 | |
| 212932830 | Sir Francis Drake | Sea Dog- first Englishman to sail around the world | 18 | |
| 212932831 | Hacienda | Large Spanish estates in the New World with crops and herbs (think encomienda) | 19 | |
| 212932832 | Marco Polo | he helped inspire exploration and increased demand for goods from Asia by writing a book about his travels to China in the late 1200s | 20 | |
| 212932833 | Portugal | which European country was the first to enter the age of exploration by sailing down the coast of Africa | 21 | |
| 212932834 | Amerigo Vespucci | The Americas were named after this Italian navigator | 22 | |
| 212932835 | Maize | staple crop of many native american societies spread out of Mexico | 23 | |
| 212932836 | Mulatto | People in Spanish New World 1 parent European, 1 parent African | 24 | |
| 212932837 | Jacques Cartier | french sailor who explored the St. Lawrence river region between 1534 and 1542, he searched for a northwest passage.he found no such passage but claimed Canada for the French | 25 | |
| 212932838 | Roanoke | first English settlement in the New World. it was off coast off North Carolina, established in 1587. Settlement failed and no one knows what became of the people who first settled there | 26 | |
| 212932839 | Hernan Cortes | a Spanish conquistador who went to the west indies in 1504. in 1519 he established Veracruz, the first Spanish colony in Mexico. by 1521, he had conquered the Aztec empire using horses, gunpowder, and steel weapons. | 27 | |
| 212932840 | Roger Williams | 1636, banished from Massachusetts, traveled south where he founded the colony of Rhode Island | 28 | |
| 212932841 | Father Marquette | a Jesuit missionary and fur trader, he and Louis Joliet explored the upper Mississippi river in 1673 | 29 | |
| 212932842 | Jesuits | Catholic Missionaries strictly opposed protestants yet worked wit non-Christians very well | 30 | |
| 212932843 | William Penn | English Quaker, who founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before | 31 | |
| 212932844 | Treaty of Tordesillas | signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494, dividing all future discoveries in the New World between their respective nations | 32 | |
| 212932845 | Robert de La Salle | Explored Mississippi River and claimed Louisiana for France (in honor of Louis XIV- the Sun King) | 33 | |
| 212932846 | John Calvin | a leader of the protestant Reformation believed in predestination (god had already decided who was saved) | 34 | |
| 212932847 | Juan Ponce de Leon | Spanish explorer who was trying to find the fountain of youth, instead in landed in Florida | 35 | |
| 212932848 | Encomienda | method established by the Spanish in order to enslave native american populations. The Spanish crown would give land to Spaniards, but recipients were obligated to care for their native slaves | 36 | |
| 212932849 | Incas | Inhabited the Andes Mountains in South America, built elaborate road systems, spoke Quechua, and had a strong central government. | 37 | |
| 212932850 | Delaware | Founded by:Swedish, Lutherans Argued and fought with Peter Stuyvesant and acquired by the Dutch in 1655 in 1703 became a Quaker Colony | 38 | |
| 214784072 | Giovanni de Verrazano | Italian explorer in-service of France, explored eastern coast of North America, 1st europena to discover New York Harbor and Narragansett Bay, | 39 | |
| 214784073 | Jacques Cartier | first European to explore the St. Lawrence River | 40 | |
| 214784074 | Samuel De Champlain | "Father of New France"...founded the first permanent french colony at Quebec(1608) also discover Lake Champlain(1609) | 41 | |
| 214784075 | Robert de la Salle | sailed down the Mississippi river, and founded Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV. And built first sailin vessel to navigate the Great Lakes | 42 | |
| 214784076 | French | _____ claimed Canada,Great Lakes, and Mississippi River. control of St. Lawrence R., The Great Lakes, and Mississippi R. provided them with a Natural Highway to interior of North America. | 43 | |
| 214784077 | French | _____ established few large settlements in "New France" as an empire in North America. After 150 years, inhabited by only 80,000 settlers. | 44 | |
| 214784078 | Sir Walter Raleigh | founded Roanoke, even though it disappeared without a trace and later known as The Lost Colony | 45 | |
| 214784079 | Henry Hudson | Who sailed through Hudson Strait and first European to enter Hudson Bay (1610)? | 46 | |
| 214784080 | Sir Humphrey Gilbert | Who made two unsuccessful attempts to colonize Newfoundland(in 1578 and 1586)? | 47 | |
| 214784081 | Elizabeth I | Which queen who sent sea dogs that preyed on spanish treasure ships? | 48 | |
| 214784082 | King Philip II | Who sent Spanish Armada to conquer England, but failed? | 49 | |
| 214784083 | New World | What place attracted: landless and poor people religious freedom adventurers who hoped to acquire riches | 50 | |
| 214784084 | John Smith | Who had the credit for saving Jamestown, Virginia. but returned to England which caused the colony to almost perish. | 51 | |
| 214784085 | Starving Time | the 1st harsh winter in Jamestown, Virginia, when John Smith returned to England due to injury. (which caused the colony to almost perish) | 52 | |
| 214784086 | John Rolfe | Who introduced cultivation of Tobacco ,product acquired from Indians. | 53 | |
| 214784087 | Jamestown | was the first English settlement in America | 54 | |
| 214784088 | Indentured Servants | were poor people that agreed to work without wage for a period of years, in exchange for their passage to the New World | 55 | |
| 214784089 | Dutch | brought the first African to the New World to be purchased as indentured servants | 56 | |
| 214784090 | Powhatan | wanted to drive out colonists, was about to kill John Smith but ,as legend says it, Pocahontas intervened and saved him | 57 | |
| 214784091 | Pocahontas | Powhatan's daughter, and was said to have saved John Smith's life from her Indian tribe | 58 | |
| 214784092 | Williamsburg | settlement north of Jamestown ,site of the College of William and Mary, became the capital of Virginia in 1699 | 59 | |
| 214784093 | Anglican Church | 16th century, became England's official church in which everyone had to support it or else they would be fined or inprisoned | 60 | |
| 214784094 | Puritans | wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church from within it. | 61 | |
| 214784095 | Separatists | reformers, that broke away from the Anglican Church to setup independent churches that continued their beliefs. | 62 | |
| 214784096 | Pilgrims | separatists that set sail for america on the Mayflower in September 1620 | 63 | |
| 214784097 | Mayflower Compact | colonists established a government of their own in which 41 male adults signed and pledged to enact just and equal laws for the common good. | 64 | |
| 214784098 | Squanto | which Indian showed pilgrims how to grow corn and where to hunt and fish | 65 | |
| 214784099 | Pilgrims | which type of people set aside a day for the year's blessing and invited the Indians to join the celebration of peace and plenty later known as thanksgiving | 66 | |
| 214784100 | George Calvert | first Lord Baltimore, made a haven for Catholics, in Maryland | 67 | |
| 214784101 | Mason-Dixon Line | boundary dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland which later became famous as the boundary between the free states and the slave states. | 68 | |
| 214784102 | William Penn | Quaker, founded Pennsylvania | 69 | |
| 214784103 | Georgia | founded by James Oglethorpe, as a barrier from Spanish Expansion and as a refuge for debtors for a fresh start in the New World. | 70 | |
| 214784104 | New England | _____colonies: New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut | 71 | |
| 214784105 | Middle Colonies | Type Colonies: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware | 72 | |
| 214784106 | Southern Colonies | Type Colonies: Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia | 73 | |
| 214784107 | Cash Crops | crops grown for sale rather than for a farmer's own use | 74 | |
| 214784108 | Middle Colonies | known as the "Bread Colonies" had moderate sized farms | 75 | |
| 214784109 | New England Colonies | had small farms main crop corn(maize) produced primarily for family | 76 | |
| 214784110 | Southern Colonies | small farms, later plantation arose main crops:Tobacco Indigo Rice large tracts of fertile land were available | 77 | |
| 214784111 | Plantation | large farms worked by slaves and/or indentured servants | 78 | |
| 214784112 | Harvard | first college in the English colonies founded by the puritans at Cambridge, Massachusetts 1636 to train young men for the ministry | 79 | |
| 214784113 | Puritans | founded Yale in Connecticut and Dartmouth in New Hampshire | 80 | |
| 214784114 | Puritans | established the first public school system in the colonies | 81 | |
| 214784115 | New England Confederation | main purpose was to provide a united defense against Indians, Dutch, and French.consisted of two representive from each colony but dissolved in 1684 but known as the first colonal attempt to form a union. | 82 | |
| 214784116 | King Philip's War | Chief Massasoit's son tried to drive out the colonists in a war(1675-1678) but Indians lost and left the power in New England was permanently broken. | 83 | |
| 214784117 | Dominion of New England | (1686-1689) James II united New England colonies, New York, and New Jersey into a single royal providence | 84 | |
| 214784118 | Glorious Revolution | A Boston mob attacked Andros forced James II,king of England,to surrender and overthrown and send him back to England. New king restored the Dominion of New England to individual colonies | 85 | |
| 214784119 | The Zenger Trial | argument of the right to expose and oppose an unjust government | 86 | |
| 214908650 | Virginia House of Burgesses | established in 1619, first representative assembly in America. people elected representatives to have a voice in the government | 87 | |
| 214908651 | Mayflower Compact | a government derives its authority from the people and retains power only as long as the people support it | 88 | |
| 214908652 | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | first written constitution, that defines the authority and outlines the form of a government | 89 | |
| 214908653 | Blue Laws | Quakers being strict: no laughter no stage plays no gambling | 90 | |
| 214908654 | Philadelphia | "city of brotherly love" | 91 | |
| 214908655 | Pennsylvania | founded by William Penn "inner light" "holy experiment" Lovers not fighters | 92 | |
| 214908656 | New York | (New Netherlands) founded by dutch and later conquered by English Duke OF York 6144 | 93 | |
| 214908657 | New England Colonies | Massachusetts,Rhode Island,Connecticut,New Hampshire 1st public school small subsistence farms, diverse crops | 94 | |
| 214908658 | Middle Colonies | -New York,New Jersey, Pennsylvania,Delaware -super diverse(ethnically and religiously) -"Breadbasket" -moderate state diverse farms | 95 | |
| 214908659 | Southern Colonies | -Virginia,Maryland,North Carolina,South Carolina, Virginia -cash crops, plantation agriculture | 96 |
