AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP Vocab chapter 10 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9416466860AgribusinessCommercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations0
9416476979Agricultural revolutionThe time when humans being first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering1
9416481917AgricultureThe deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain2
9416491828Aquaculture (aqua-farming)The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions3
9416493789Cereal grainA grass that yields grain for food4
9416497198ChaffHusks of grain separated from the seed by threshing5
9416500669CombineA machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grans while moving over a field6
9416505411Commercial agricultureAgriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm7
9416511111CropAny plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season8
9416517103Crop rotationThe practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil9
9416525449DesertificationDegradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semiarid land degradation10
9416535519Dietary energy consumptionThe amount of food that an individual consumes, measure in kilocalories11
9416542871Double croppingHarvesting twice a year from the same field12
9416545623Food securityPhysical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life13
9416554680GrainSeed of a cereal grass14
9416556294Green revolutionRapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers15
9416562961HorticultureThe growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers16
9416568368HullThe outer covering of a seed17
9416572192Intensive subsistence agricultureA form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land18
9416578963MilkshedThe area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied19
9416581801PaddyThe Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah20
9416590802Pastoral nomadismA form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals21
9416594803PastureGrass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing22
9416601517PlantationA large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country23
9416612086Prime agricultural landThe most productive farmland24
9416615283RanchingA form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area25
9416618930ReaperA machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field26
9416622578Ridge tillageA system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation27
9416628663SawahA flooded field for growing rice28
9428905447Shifting cultivationA form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another' each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period29
9428915766Slash-and-burn agricultureAnother name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris30
9428931606Spring wheatWheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer31
9428933672Subsistence agricultureAgriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family32
9428945739Sustainable agricultureFarming methods that preserve longterm productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides33
9428953916SwiddenA patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning34
9428957001ThreshTo beat out grain from stalks35
9428958874TranshumanceThe seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures36
9428967260Truck farmingCommercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning "bartering" or "exchange of commodities"37
9428974428UndernourishmentDietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity38
9428982714Wet riceRice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth39
9428986941WinnowTo remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind40
9428989008Winter wheatWheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer41

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!