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AP WH Ch 2 Vocab Flashcards

AP WH Ch 2 Vocab

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208198053Subcontinenta large, distinguishable part of a continent0
208198054Monsoona seasonal prevailing wind in the region of the Indian subcontinent, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter1
208198055Citadelfortrtss; tower2
208198056AryanIndo-European-speaking nomads who entered India from the Central Asian steppes between 1500 and 1000 BCE and greatly affected Indian society, notably by establishing the caste system3
208198057castesystem of rigid social hierarchy in which all members of that society are assigned by birth to specific "ranks" and inherit specific roles and privileges4
208198058VedasHind sacred writings chief among which are four books: Rig-Veda, Sama-Veda, Atharva-Veda,and Yajur-Veda5
208198059Rajaprince in India6
208198060VarnasIndian classes, or castes7
208198061Brahmina member of the Hindu priestly caste or class; traditionally, duties include studying Hindu religious scriptures & transmitting them to others orally8
208198062Brahmaone supreme, uni ssal Spirit; later, the creator god in Hinduism, part of the trinity with Vishnu the preserver and Shiva the destroyer9
208198063Buddhisma religion, originated in India by Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) and later spread to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless reincarnation to which one is otherwise subject10
208198064Reincarnationthe idea that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death; in Hindu and Buddhist thought, the release from this cycle is the objective of all living souls11
208198065DharmaIn Hinduism and Buddhism, the law t at governs the universe, and specifically human behavior12
208198066Karmaa fundamental concept in Hindu philosophy, that rebirth in a future life is determined by actions in this or other live13
208198067Sanghathe Buddhist community of monks, novices, and laity14
208198068Ahimsathe principle of nonviolence toward all living things15
208198069Hinduismthe main religion in India, it emphasizes reincarnation, based on the results of the previous life, and the desirability of escaping this cycle. Its various forms feature both asceticism and the pleasures of ordinary life, and encompass a multitude of gods as different manifestations of one ultimate reality16
208198070Guruteacher, especially in Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh religious traditions, where it is an important honorific17
208198071Meditateto engage in quiescent spiritual introspection18
208198072Nirvanain Buddhist thought, enlightenment, the ultimate transcendence from the illusion of the material world; release from the Wheel of life19

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