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| 374145038 | Tojo Hideki | Japanese general who dominated internal politics from the mid-1930s;.gave the military dominance over civilian cabinets | 0 | |
| 374145039 | Singapore | part of the British colony of Malaya with a mostly Chinese population; after World War II emerged as a flourishing, independent city-state | 1 | |
| 374145040 | Republic of Korea | southern half of Korea occupied by the United States after World War II; developed parliamentary institutions under authoritarian rulers; underwent major industrial and economic growth after the 1950s | 2 | |
| 374145041 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | northern half of Korea dominated by USSR after Word War II; formed a communist dictatorship under Kim Il-Song; attacked South Korea to begin the Korean War | 3 | |
| 374145042 | Korean War | fought between 1950 and 1953 between North Korea and its Soviet and Chinese allies and South Korea and United Nations' forces directed by the United States; ended in stalemate | 4 | |
| 374145043 | Taiwan | island off the Chinese mainland that became the refuge for Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomindang regime; maintained independence with United State support; rapidly industrialized after the 1950s | 5 | |
| 374145044 | Hong Kong | British colony in China; became a major commercial and industrial center; returned to China in 1997 | 6 | |
| 374145045 | Lee Kuan Yew | authoritarian ruler of Singapore for three decades from 1959; presided over major economic development | 7 | |
| 374145046 | Korekiyo Takahashi | Japanese minister of finance during the 1930s; increased government spending to stimulate the economy | 8 | |
| 374145047 | Lee Kuan Yew | authoritarian ruler of Singapore for three decades from 1959; presided over major economic development | 9 | |
| 374145048 | Korekiyo Takahashi | Japanese minister of finance during the 1930s; increased government spending to stimulate the economy | 10 | |
| 374145049 | Francisco Madero | moderate democratic Mexican reformer; challenged Porfiío Díaz in 1910 and initiated a revolution after losing fraudulent elections; assassinated in 1913 | 11 | |
| 374145050 | Pancho Villa | Mexican revolutionary leader in northern Mexico after 1910 | 12 | |
| 374145051 | Emiliano Zapata | Mexican revolutionary commander of a guerrilla movement centered at Morelos; demanded sweeping land reform | 13 | |
| 374145052 | Alvaro Obregón | became leader of Mexican government in 1915; elected president in 1920 | 14 | |
| 374145053 | Mexican Constitution of 1917 | promised land and educational reform, limited foreign ownership, guaranteed rights for workers, and restricted clerical education and property ownership | 15 | |
| 374145054 | Lázaro Cárdenas | Mexican president (1934-1940); responsible for large land redistribution to create communal farms; also began program of primary and rural education | 16 | |
| 374145055 | Cristeros | conservative peasant movement in Mexico during the 1920s; a reaction against secularism | 17 | |
| 374145056 | Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI) | inclusive Mexican political party developing from the 1920s; ruled for the rest of the 20th century | 18 | |
| 374145057 | Victor Raul Haya de la Torre | Peruvian politician; created the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance in 1924; gained power in 1985 | 19 | |
| 374145058 | Getúlio Vargas | became president of Brazil following a contested election of 1929; led an authoritarian state until deposed in 1945; became president again in 1950 | 20 | |
| 374145059 | Juan Perón | dominant authoritarian and populist leader in Argentina from the mid-1940s; driven into exile in 1955; returned and elected president in 1973; died in 1974 | 21 | |
| 374145060 | Eva Duarte (Evita) | wife of Juan Perón; the regime's spokesperson among the lower social classes | 22 | |
| 374145061 | Juan José Arevalo | reformist president of Guatemala elected in 1944; his programs led to conflict with foreign interests | 23 | |
| 374145062 | United Fruit Company | most important foreign company in Guatemala; 1993 nationalization effort of some of its land holdings caused a U.S. reaction | 24 | |
| 374145063 | Fulgencio Batista | authoritarian ruler of Cuba (1934-1944) | 25 | |
| 374145064 | Fidel Castro | revolutionary leader who replaced Batista in 1958; reformed Cuban society with socialist measures; supported economically and politically by the Soviet Union until its collapse | 26 | |
| 374145065 | Liberation Theology | combination of Roman Catholic and socialist principles aiming to improve the lives of the poor | 27 | |
| 374145066 | Salvado Allende | Chilean socialist president; overthrown by a military coup in 1973 | 28 | |
| 374145067 | Good Neighbor Policy | introduced by U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt in 1933 to deal fairly, without intervention, with Latin American states | 29 | |
| 374145068 | Indian National Congress | political party that grew from regional associations of Western-educated Indians in 1885; dominated by elites; was the principal party throughout the colonial period and after independence | 30 | |
| 374145069 | B.G. Tilak | first populist leader in India; believed that Indian nationalism should be grounded in the Hindu majority | 31 | |
| 374145070 | Moreley-Minto Reforms (1909) | provided Indians with expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and national legislative councils | 32 | |
| 374145071 | effendi | prosperous business and professional urban Egyptian families; generally favored independence | 33 | |
| 374145072 | Dinshawi incident | 1906 fracas between British soldiers and Egyptian villagers that resulted in an accidental Egyptian death; Egyptian protest led to harsh repression which stimulated nationalist sentiment | 34 | |
| 374145073 | Montagu-Chelmsford reforms (1919) | increased national powers of Indian legislators and placed provincial administrations under ministries controlled by Indian-elected legislatures | 35 | |
| 374145074 | Rowlatt Act (1919) | placed severe restrictions on Indian civil rights; undercut impact of the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms | 36 | |
| 374145075 | M.K. Gandhi | Western-educated Indian lawyer and nationalist politician with many attributes of an Indian holy man; stressed nonviolent tactics and headed the movement for Indian independence | 37 | |
| 374145076 | satyagraha | literally means "truth force"; Gandhi's policy of nonviolent opposition to British rule | 38 | |
| 374145077 | Muslim League | founded in 1906 to support demands of the Muslim peoples of India against the Hindu majority; gained separate electorates and legislative seats; divided the Indian nationalist movement | 39 | |
| 374145078 | Government of India Act (1935) | the British retained control of the central administration and turned over provincial governments to Indians chosen by an expanded electorate | 40 | |
| 374145079 | mandates | governments entrusted to victorious European World War I nations over the colonies of the defeated powers | 41 | |
| 374145080 | Zionism | Eastern European movement of the 1860s and 1870s that argued that Jews return to their Holy Land; eventually identified with settlement in Palestine | 42 | |
| 374145081 | Theodor Hertzl | Austrian Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897; was indifferent to Arabs and promoted Jewish immigration into Palestine to form a Jewish state | 43 | |
| 374145082 | Wafd Party | Egyptian nationalist party founded after World War I; led by Sa'd Zaghlul; participated in the negotiations that led to limited Egyptian independence in 1922 | 44 | |
| 374145083 | W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey | Afro-American leaders with major impact on rising African nationalists | 45 | |
| 374145084 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Muslim Indian nationalist; leader of the Muslim League; worked for a separate Muslim state; first president of Pakistan | 46 | |
| 374145085 | Kwame Nkrumah | African nationalist responsible for forming the Convention Peoples Party in Ghana; leader of the 1st black African state to independence (1957) | 47 | |
| 374145086 | Land Freedom Army | African revolutionary movement for reform of Kenyan colonial system; began a conflict in 1952; called the Mau Mau by the British | 48 | |
| 374145087 | Jomo Kenyatta | leader of Kenyan African Union, a nonviolent nationalist party; became first president of independent Kenya in 1962 | 49 | |
| 374145088 | National Liberation Front (FLN) | Algerian nationalist movement that launched a guerrilla war during the 1950s; gained independence for Algeria in 1962 | 50 | |
| 374145089 | Afrikaner National Party | became the majority in the all-white South African legislature in 1948; worked to form the rigid system of racial segregation called apartheid | 51 | |
| 374145090 | Bangladesh | formerly East Pakistan; after a civil war became independent in 1972 | 52 | |
| 374145091 | Baharatya Janata Party (BIP) | Hindu communalist party winning power in India in 1997 | 53 | |
| 374145092 | Biafra | eastern Nigerian region inhabited mostly by the Ibo people; in 1967 attempted unsuccessfully to secede from Nigeria; defeated and reintegrated in 1970 | 54 | |
| 374145093 | Indira Gandhi, Corazon Aquino, and Benazir Bhutto | women who became leaders of new nations; usually connected to previously powerful men | 55 | |
| 374145094 | neocolonialism | continued dominance of new nations by their former rulers | 56 | |
| 374145095 | Green Revolution | agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation; helped to support rising Asian populations | 57 | |
| 374145096 | Kwame Nkrumah | Ghanian leader at independence; his efforts at reform ended with the creation of dictatorial rule | 58 | |
| 374145097 | Gamal Abdul Nasser | member of the Free Officers Movement that seized power in Egypt in a 1952 military coup; became leader of Egypt; formed a state-directed reforming regime; ousted Britain from the Suez Canal in 1956; most reforms were unsuccessful | 59 | |
| 374145098 | Muslim Brotherhood | Egyptian religious and nationalist movement founded by Hasan al-Banna in 1928; became an example for later fundamentalist movements in the Islamic world | 60 | |
| 374145099 | Anwar Sadat | successor of Nasser as Egypt's ruler; dismantled Nasser's costly and failed programs; signed peace with Israel in 1973 | 61 | |
| 374145100 | Jawaharlal Nehru | first leader of independent India; committed to programs of social reform, economic development, and preservation of civil liberties | 62 | |
| 374145101 | Ayatollah Khomeini | religious leader of Iran following the 1979 revolution; worked for fundamentalist Islamic religious reform and elimination of Western influences | 63 | |
| 374145102 | African National Congress (ANC) | South African political organization founded in 1912 to defend African interests; became the ruling political party after the 1994 elections | 64 | |
| 374145103 | Nelson Mandela | ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994 | 65 | |
| 374145104 | Yuan Shikai | warlord in northern China after the fall of the Qing dynasty; president of China in 1912; hoped to become emperor but blocked in 1916 by Japanese intervention in China. | 66 | |
| 374145105 | Sun Yat-sen | head of the Revolutionary Alliance that led the 1911 revolt against the Qing; president of China in 1911, but yielded to Yuan Shikai in 1912; created the Guomindang in 1919; died in 1925 | 67 | |
| 374145106 | May 4th Movement | acceptance at Versailles of Japanese gains in China during World War I led to demonstrations and the beginning of a movement to create a liberal democracy | 68 | |
| 374145107 | Li Dazhao | Chinese Marxist intellectual; rejected traditional view and instead saw peasants as the vanguard of socialist revolution; influenced Mao Zedong | 69 | |
| 374145108 | Zhou Enlai | one of the most important Chinese leaders; died in 1976 | 70 | |
| 374145109 | Guomindang (National Party) | founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1919; main support from urban businesspeople and merchants; dominated by Chiang Kai-shek after 1925 | 71 | |
| 374145110 | Chiang Kai-shek | leader of the Guomindang from 1925; contested with the communists for control of China until defeated in 1949 | 72 | |
| 374145111 | Mao Zedong | Communist leader who advocated the role of the peasantry in revolution; led the communists to victory and ruled China from 1949 to 1976 | 73 | |
| 374145112 | Long March | Communist retreat from Hunan under Guomindang pressure in 1934; shifted center of Communist power to Shaanxi province | 74 | |
| 374145113 | Mass Line | economic policy of Mao Zedong inaugurated in 1955; led to formation of agricultural cooperatives that then became farming collectives in 1956; peasants lost land gained a few years earlier | 75 | |
| 374145114 | Great Leap Forward | economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958; proposed small-scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities; led to economic disaster and ended in 1960 | 76 | |
| 374145115 | Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqui | pragmatists who, along with Zhou Enlai, opposed the Great Leap Forward; wanted to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level | 77 | |
| 374145116 | Jiang Qing | wife of Mao Zedong; one of the Gang of Four; opposed pragmatists and supported the Cultural Revolution; arrested and imprisoned for life in 1976 | 78 | |
| 374145117 | Cultural Revolution | initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 to restore his dominance over the pragmatists; disgraced and even killed bureaucrats and intellectuals; called off in 1968 | 79 | |
| 374145118 | Red Guard | student brigades active during the Cultural Revolution in supporting Mao Zedong's policies | 80 | |
| 374145119 | Gang of Four | Jiang Qing and her allies who opposed the pragmatists after the death of Mao Zedong; arrested and sentenced to life in prison | 81 | |
| 374145120 | Minh Mang | second ruler of united Vietnam (1802-1841); emphasized Confucianism and persecuted Catholics | 82 | |
| 374145121 | Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD) | middle class revolutionary organization during the 1920s; committed to violent overthrow of French colonialism; crushed by the French | 83 | |
| 374145122 | Communist Party of Vietnam | the primary nationalist party after the defeat of the VNQDD in 1929; led from 1920s by Ho Chi Minh | 84 | |
| 374145123 | Ho Chi Minh (Nguyen Ai Quoc) | shifted to a revolution based on the peasantry in the 1930s; presided over the defeat of France in 1954 and the unsuccessful United States intervention in Vietnam | 85 | |
| 374145124 | Viet Minh | Communist Vietnamese movement; fought the Japanese during Word War II and the French afterward | 86 | |
| 374145125 | Vo Nguyen Giap | military commander of the Viet Minh and the victor at Dien Bien Phu in 1954 | 87 | |
| 374145126 | Dien Bien Phu | significant Viet Minh victory over the French that led to the end of the French effort to hold Vietnam | 88 | |
| 374145127 | Ngo Dinh Diem | became president of South Vietnam with United States support in the 1950s; overthrown by the military, with U.S. approval | 89 | |
| 374145128 | Viet Cong | the Communist guerrilla movement in southern Vietnam during the Vietnamese war | 90 |
