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| 3361543134 | Toltecs | Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice. | 0 | |
| 3361543135 | Aztecs | The Mexica; one of the nomadic tribes that penetrated into the sedentary zone of the Mesoamerican plateau after the fall of the Toltecs; established empire after 1325 around shores of Lake Texcoco. | 1 | |
| 3361543136 | Tenochtitlan | Founded circa 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power. | 2 | |
| 3361543137 | Pipiltin | Nobility in Aztec society; formed by intermarriage of Aztecs with peoples tracing lineage back to the Toltecs. | 3 | |
| 3361543138 | Tlacaelel | Advisor to Aztec rulers (1427-1480); had histories of Mexico rewritten; expanded cult of human sacrifice as effective means of political terror. | 4 | |
| 3361543139 | Huitzilopochtli | Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god. | 5 | |
| 3361543140 | Calpulli | Clans in Aztec society; evolved into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors. | 6 | |
| 3361543141 | Chinampas | Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture used by Aztecs. | 7 | |
| 3361543142 | Pochteca | Merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items. | 8 | |
| 3361543143 | Inca socialism . | An interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca Empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole | 9 | |
| 3361543144 | Twantinsuyu | Inca word for their empire; region from Colombia to Chile and eastward into Bolivia and Argentina | 10 | |
| 3361543145 | Inca | Group of clans (ayllu) centered at Cuzco; created an empire in the Andes during the 15th century; also title of the ruler. | 11 | |
| 3361543146 | Pachacuti | Inca ruler (1438-1471); began the military campaigns that marked the creation of the Inca Empire. | 12 | |
| 3361543147 | Topac Yupanqui | Inca ruler (1471-1493); extended his father's conquests; seized the northern coastal kingdom of Chimor and pushed into Equador | 13 | |
| 3361543148 | Huayna Capac | Inca ruler (1493-1527); brought the empire to its greatest extent. | 14 | |
| 3361543149 | Split inheritance | Inca practice of ruler descent; all titles and political power went to the successor, but wealth and land remained in the hands of male descendants for support of dead Inca's mummy. | 15 | |
| 3361543150 | Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas. | 16 | |
| 3361543151 | Curacas | Local rulers who the Inca left in office in return for loyalty. | 17 | |
| 3361543152 | Tambos | Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages. | 18 | |
| 3361543153 | Mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential part of Inca control. | 19 | |
| 3361543154 | Quipu | System of knotted strings used by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records. | 20 | |
| 3361543155 | Metates | Stone boards used for grinding corn by hand. | 21 | |
| 3361543156 | Pochteca | Class of Aztec merchants that had hereditary status | 22 | |
| 3361543157 | Yanas | Incan class of people who were removed from their ayllus and served permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or nobility. | 23 |
