Terms : Hide Images
| 136015077 | Renaissance (European) | A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture | 0 | |
| 136015078 | papacy | The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head | 1 | |
| 136015079 | indulgence | The forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act | 2 | |
| 136015080 | Protestant Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. Resulted in the "protesters" forming several new Christian denominations, including Lutherans, Reformed Churches and the Church of England | 3 | |
| 136015081 | Catholic Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church which began in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline | 4 | |
| 136015082 | witch-hunt | The pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft, especially in northern Europe in the late 16ht and 17th centuries | 5 | |
| 136015083 | Enlightenment | A philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics | 6 | |
| 136015084 | bourgeoisie | In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce and allied professions | 7 | |
| 136015085 | joint-stock company | A business that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks and profits among many investors | 8 | |
| 136015086 | stock exchange | A place where shares in a company or business enterprise are bought and sold | 9 | |
| 136015087 | gentry | The class of landholding families in England below the aristocracy | 10 | |
| 136015088 | Little Ice Age | A century-long period of cool climate that began in the 1590's. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable | 11 | |
| 136015089 | deforestation | The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves | 12 | |
| 136015090 | Holy Roman Empire | 962-1806; Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities headed by an emperor elected by the princes | 13 | |
| 136015091 | Habsburg | A powerful European family that provided many Holy Roman Emperors, founded Austrian Empire and ruled 16th-17th century Spain | 14 | |
| 136015092 | English Civil War | 1642-1649; A conflict over royal vs. Parliamentary rights, caused by King Charles I's arrest of his parliamentary critics and ending with his execution. Its outcome checked the growth of royal absolutism and, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the English Bill of Rights of 1689, ensured that England would be a constitutional monarchy | 15 | |
| 136015093 | Versailles | The huge palace built for French King Louis XIV south of Paris in the town of Versailles. The palace symbolized the preeminence of French power and architecture in Europe and the triumph of royal authority of the French nobility | 16 | |
| 136015094 | balance of power | The policy in international relations by which, beginning in the 18th century, the major European states acted together to prevent any one of them from becoming too powerful | 17 |
