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AP World Chapter 18 Vocab Flashcards

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135952572Royal African CompanyA trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants' trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa0
135952573Atlantic systemThe network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin1
135952574chartered companyGroups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies2
135952575Dutch West India Company1621-1794; Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchant's trade in the Americas and Africa3
135952576plantocracyIn the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the 18th century4
135952577driverA privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation5
135952578seasoningAn often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease, environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by slaves newly arrived in the Americas6
135952579manumissionA grant of legal freedom to an individual slave7
135952580maroonA slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America8
135952581capitalismThe economic system of large financial institutions-banks, stock exchanges, investment companies-that first developed in early modern Europe9
135952582mercantilismEuropean government policies of the 16th-18th centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies to trade only with their motherland country. The British system was defined by the Navigation Acts, the French system by laws known as the Exclusif10
135952583Atlantic CircuitThe network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system11
135952584Middle PassageThe part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas12
135952585SonghaiA people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the 16th century, it stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade13
135952586HausaAn agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, these city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Caliphate conquered them in the early 19th century14
135952587BornuA powerful West African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, which was important in trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam. It lasted from the 9th-19th century15

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