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| 138407517 | Abdul Hamid | Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878 to 1908; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties; deposed in coup in 1908 | 0 | |
| 138407518 | al-Afghani | Muslim thinker at the end of the 19th century; stressed need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology; recognized importance of tradition of rational inquiry | 1 | |
| 138407519 | Muhammad Ali | Won power struggle in Egypt following fall of Mamluks; established mastery of all Egypt by 1811; introduced effective army based on Western tactics and supply and a variety of other reforms; by 1830s was able to challenge Ottoman government in Contstantinople; died in 1848 | 2 | |
| 138407520 | Boxer Rebellion | Popular outburst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from China; failed because of intervention of armies of Western powers in China; defeat of Chinese enhanced control by Europeans and the power of provincial officials | 3 | |
| 138407521 | compradors | Wealthy new group of Chinese merchants under the Qing dynasty; specialized in the import-export trade on China's south coast; one of the major links between China and the outside world | 4 | |
| 138407522 | Cixi | Ultraconservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty; supported Boxer Rebellion in 1898 as a means of driving out Westerners. | 5 | |
| 138407523 | Hong Xiuquan | Leader of the Taiping rebellion; converted to specifically Chinese form of Christianity; attacked traditional Confucian teachings of Chinese elite | 6 | |
| 138407524 | Kangxi | Confucian scholar and Manchu emperor of Qing dynasty from 1661 to 1722; established high degree of Sinification among the Manchus | 7 | |
| 138407525 | Khartoum | River town that was administrative center of Egyptian authority in Sudan | 8 | |
| 138407526 | khedives | Descendants of Muhammed Ali in Egypt after 1867; formal rulers of Egypt despite French and English interventions until overthrown by military coup in 1952 | 9 | |
| 138407527 | Lin Zexu | Distinguished Chinese official during the early 19th century; charged with stamping out the opium trade in southern China; ordered blockade of confiscation of opium; sent into exile following the Opium War | 10 | |
| 138407528 | Opium War | Fought between the British and Qing China beginning in 1839; fought to protect British trade in opium; resulted in resounding British victory, opening of Hong Kong as British port of trade | 11 | |
| 138407529 | Puyi | Last emperor of China; deposed as emperor while still a small boy in 1912 | 12 | |
| 138407530 | Suez Canal | Built across Isthmus of Suez to connect Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea in 1869; financed by European investors; with increasing indebtedness of khedives, permitted intervention of British into Egyptian politics to protect their investments | 13 | |
| 138407531 | Taiping Rebellion | Broke out in south China in the 1850s and early 1860s; led by Hong Xiuquan, a semi-Christianized prophet; sought to overthrow Qing dynasty and Confucian basis of scholar-gentry | 14 | |
| 138407532 | Tanzimat reforms | Series of reforms in Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style university, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms, resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876 | 15 |
