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| 160268546 | Mikhail Gorbachev | USSR ruler after 1985; renewed attacks on Stalinism; urged reduction in nuclear armament; proclaimed policies of glasnost and perestroika | 0 | |
| 160268547 | glasnost | Policy of openness or political liberation in Soviet Union put forward by Mikhail Gorbachev in late 1980s | 1 | |
| 160268548 | perestroika | Policy of Mikhail Gorbachev calling for economic restructuring in the USSR in the late 1980s; more leeway for private ownership and decentralized control in industry and agriculture | 2 | |
| 160268549 | Boris Yeltsin | Began to move up the ladder of the Communist party in Soviet Union in 1968, becoming First Secretary of the Moscow City Party Committee in 1985; initially a loyal backer of Gorbachev but increasingly criticized him for slow pace of reform; stood up to a coup attempt in 1991 but then managed to displace Gorbachev; as president of the Russian republic, sponsored several subsequent constitutional provisions and weathered battles with opponents in parliament | 3 | |
| 160268550 | Persian Gulf War | 1991 war led by United States and various European and Middle Eastern allies, against Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. The war led to Iraqi withdrawal and a long confrontation with Iraq about armaments and political regime | 4 | |
| 160268551 | North American Free Trade Agreement | Agreement that created an essentially free trade zone among Mexico, Canada, and the United States, in hopes of encouraging economic growth in all three nations; after difficult negotiations, went into effect January 1, 994 | 5 | |
| 160268552 | globalization | The increasing interconnectedness of all parts of the world, particularly in communication and commerce but also in culture and politics | 6 | |
| 160268553 | multinational corporations | Powerful companies, mainly from the West or Pacific Rim, with production as well as distribution operations in many different countries. Multinationals surged in the decades after World War 2 | 7 |
