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| 114832720 | Cyrus the Great | established massive Persian empire by 550 BCE; successor state to Mesopotamian | 0 | |
| 114832721 | Zoroastrianism | animist religion that saw material existence as a battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; the chief religion of the Persian empire | 1 | |
| 114832722 | Olympic Games | One of the pan-Hellenic rituals observed by all Greek city-states; involving athletic competitions and ritual celebrations | 2 | |
| 114832723 | Pericles | Athenian political leader during the 5th century BCE; guided to development of the Athenian Empire; died during the early stages of the Peloponnesian War | 3 | |
| 114832724 | Peloponnesian Wars | Wars from 431-404 BCE between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece. Spartan victory, but failed to unify Greece | 4 | |
| 114832725 | Phillip II | Ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 BCE; founder of a centralized kingdom; later conquered the remaining parts of Greece; which became subject to Macedonian rule | 5 | |
| 114832726 | Hellenistic Period | The culture that associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquest; often seen as the combo of Greek culture with eastern political forms | 6 | |
| 114832727 | Alexandria, Egypt | One of the cities founded by Alexander the Great; the site of the Mediterranean's greatest library, a center of literary studies | 7 | |
| 114832728 | Roman Republic | The balanced constitution of Rome from (c. 510-47BCE), it featured and aristocratic senate, which was a panel of magistrates, and several popular assemblies | 8 | |
| 114832729 | Punic Wars | Fought between Rome and Carthage to establish dominance in the western Mediterranean, won by Rome after 3 separate conflicts/battles | 9 | |
| 114832730 | Carthage | Originally a Phoenician colony in northern Africa, became a major port and commercial power in the western Mediterranean. | 10 | |
| 114832731 | Hannibal | Great Carthaginian general during second punic war; successfully invaded and conquered Italy, but failed to conquer Rome, finally defeated at the battle of Zama | 11 | |
| 114832732 | Julius Caesar | Roman general responsible for the conquest of Gaul; brought the army back to Rome and then overthrew the Republic, assassinated in 44BCE by conservative senators | 12 | |
| 114832733 | Augustus Caesar (Octavian) | (63BCE-14CE) First emperor of Rome. established the basic structures of the Roman empire | 13 | |
| 114832734 | Diocletian | Roman emperor from (284-305CE) restored the later empire by improving administration and instating tax collection | 14 | |
| 114832735 | Constantine | Roman emperor from (312-337CE) established the second capital of Constantinople; attempted to use Christianity to unify the empire. | 15 | |
| 114832736 | Direct Democracy | Where the people participate directly in assemblies that make laws and select leaders, rather than electing representatives. | 16 | |
| 114832737 | Senate | Assembly of Roman aristocrats; advised on policy within the republic, one of the early elements of the Roman constitution | 17 | |
| 114832738 | Consuls | two chief executives or magistrates of the roman republic; elected by an annual assembly dominated by the aristocracy | 18 | |
| 114832739 | Cicero | Conservative Roman senator; Stoic philosopher; one of the great orators of day; killed in reaction to the assissination of Julius Caesar | 19 | |
| 114832740 | Aristotle (384-322BCE) | Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; his knowledge was based off observations of phenomenas in the world. was very popular, that's why his ideas were chosen over Democritus | 20 | |
| 114832741 | Stoics | Hellenistic group of philosophers; which emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the personal body and personal bravery. | 21 | |
| 114832742 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher of the later 5th century BCE; the tutor of Plato; he urged rational reflection of moral decisions condemned to death for corrupting the mind of Athenian young. | 22 | |
| 114832743 | Sophocles ( 496-406BCE) | Greek writer of tragedies. | 23 | |
| 114832744 | Iliad | Greek epic poem written by Homer, passed down orally, defined Gods and monsters which shaped the Greek myths. | 24 | |
| 114832745 | Odyssey | Greek epic poem written by Homer, passed down orally, defined Gods and monsters which shaped the Greek myths. | 25 | |
| 114832746 | Doric | Along with Ionian and Corinthian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture. the least ornate of the 3 styles. | 26 | |
| 114832747 | Ionic | A distinct style of Hellenistic period more ornate than Doric but less than Corinthian | 27 | |
| 114832748 | Corinthian | The most ornate style of Hellenistic architecture. | 28 |
