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AP World - Chp 4 Flashcards

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7504362606Aryansnomads from Europe and Asia, these immigrants arrived at the Ganges river valley by the year 1000 BC, migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system0
7504382744assimilationEthnic groups lost their distinctive culture through the domination of newly expanding empires. Assimilation is the adopting the traits of another culture. Often happens over time when one immigrates into a new country.1
7504420286BrahmanThe term for The Universal Soul in Hinduism.2
7504426318BrahminsThe priest varna of the caste system.3
7504431445caste systema set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society4
7504518412cottonThe plant that produces fibers from which many textiles are woven. Native to India, it spread throughout Asia and then to the New World. It has been a major cash crop in various places, including early Islamic Iran, Yi Korea, Egypt5
7504530819deforestationThe removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.6
7504555114dharmathe fulfillment of one's social and religious duties. the basic doctrine shared by Buddhists of all sects7
7504560230diffusionThe spread of ideas, objects, or traits from one culture to another8
7504567659HarappaSite of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation, and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials.9
7504575182HarappansThe first river valley civilization of India on the Indus River. They mysteriously disappeared.10
7504586523HimalayasThese mountains separate India from China and are the tallest in the world.11
7504604780Indus RiverThe civilization from this river's valley (3500 BC to 2500 BC) had two thriving cities which were Mohenjodaro and Harappans12
7504654768JanapadasPolitical units in India in the years 700-600 BC. They are the major realms or kingdoms of Vedic (Iron Age) India. They are the earliest kingdoms set up by the Indo-Aryan migrants to India.13
7504661576JatiA sub-varna in the caste system that gave people of sense of community because they usually consisted of people working in the same occupation.14
7504677439KarmaIn Indian tradition, the residue of deeds performed in past and present lives that adheres to a 'spirit' and determines what form it will assume in its next life cycle. Put another way, the belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life. Used in India to make people happy with their lot in life.15
7504703922KshatriyaThe Hindu warrior & administrator caste.16
7504726549Mohenjo-DaroLargest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning.17
7505061331MokshaBecoming liberated from the endless cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism.18
7505071679ReincarnationHindu and Buddhist belief that souls are reborn into new bodies over and over.19
7505078184Rig VedaOne of the worlds oldest religious texts. It is a book composed by Vedic Brahman priests that contains hymns and Sanskrit poetry20
7505089073Sanskritan Indo-European, Indic language, in use since c1200 b.c. as the religious and classical literary language of India.21
7505109651SatiThe Indian custom of a widow voluntarily throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband.22
7505115854ShudrasThe landless peasants and serfs of the caste system.23
7505122044UpanishadsA major book in Hinduism that is often in the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised.24
7505127529VaishyasThe artisan and merchant varna of the caste system.25
7505134265VarnaThe four major social divisions in India's caste system: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.26
7505149781VedasCollections of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the various gods of the Aryans. Early Indian sacred 'knowledge'-the literal meaning of the term-long preserved and communicated orally by Brahmin priests and eventually written down.27
7505176273Vedic AgeA period in the history of India; It was a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth.28

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