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| 285209784 | Cape of Good Hope | Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India | 0 | |
| 285209785 | Christopher Columbus | Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; successfully sailed to New World and returned in 1492; initiated European discoveries in Americas | 1 | |
| 285209786 | Ferdinand Magellan | (1460-1521) Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed Spain to claim Philippines | 2 | |
| 285209787 | Dutch East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in Asia; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed. | 3 | |
| 285209788 | British East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed. | 4 | |
| 285209789 | Lepanto | Naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire resulting in a Spanish victory in 1571 | 5 | |
| 285209790 | core nations | Nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping; exported manufactured goods for raw materials | 6 | |
| 285209791 | mercantilism | Economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries | 7 | |
| 285209792 | Vasco de Balboa | (c1475-1519) First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains | 8 | |
| 285209793 | Francisco Pizarro | Led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1540 most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish | 9 | |
| 285209794 | New France | French colonies in North America; extended form St. Lawrence River along Great Lakes and down Mississippi River valley system | 10 | |
| 285209795 | Seven Years War | Fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763; resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America | 11 | |
| 285209796 | Treaty of Paris | Arranged in 1763 following Seven Years War; granted New France to England in exchange for return of French sugar island in Caribbean | 12 | |
| 285209797 | Cape Colony | Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire by 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with Bantus | 13 | |
| 285209798 | Boers | Dutch settlers in Cape Colony, in southern Africa | 14 | |
| 285209799 | Calcutta | Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent; located on Ganges; captured in 1756 during early art of Seven Years War; later became administrative center for all of Bengal | 15 | |
| 285209800 | Vasco de Gama | A Portuguese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | 16 | |
| 285209801 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 17 |
