Terms : Hide Images
| 298528901 | Ivan III | Also known as Ivan the Great; prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar - equivalent of emperor. | 0 | |
| 298528902 | Third Rome | Russian claim to be successor state to Roman and Byzantine empires; based in part on continuity of Orthodox church in Russia following fall of Constantinople in 1453. | 1 | |
| 298528903 | Ivan IV (the Terrible) | Also known as Ivan the Terrible; confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture. | 2 | |
| 298528904 | Boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts | 3 | |
| 298528905 | Cossacks | peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements. | 4 | |
| 298528906 | Time of Troubles | followed death of Ivan IV without heir early in 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613. | 5 | |
| 298528907 | Romanov Dynasty | Dynasty elected in 1613 at end of Time of Troubles: Ruled Russia until 1917 | 6 | |
| 298528908 | Alexis Romanov | The Russian heir to the throne at the time of the Russian revolution and the youngest member of the royal family at the time of their execution. | 7 | |
| 298528909 | Old Believers | Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization. | 8 | |
| 298528910 | Peter I (the Great) | Also known as Peter the Great; son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of western European models. | 9 | |
| 298528911 | St. Petersburg | Capitol city created by Peter the Great to resemble a French city. It was built on land taken from Sweeden | 10 | |
| 298528912 | Catherine the Great | German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry. | 11 | |
| 298528913 | Partition of Poland | division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe. | 12 | |
| 298528914 | Obrok | Labor obligations of Russian peasants to either their aristocratic landlords or to the state; typical of increased labor burdens placed on Russian peasantry during the 18th century | 13 | |
| 298528915 | Pugachev Rebellion | During 1770's in reign of Catherine the Great; led by cossack Emelian Pugachev, who claimed to be legitimate tsar; eventually crushed; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter | 14 | |
| 298528916 | Westernization | an adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western—especially European or American—countries. | 15 | |
| 298528917 | Serfdom | feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions | 16 |
