Terms : Hide Images
| 116418554 | Components of Civilization | advanced cities | |
| 116418555 | Components of Civilization | System of writing | |
| 116418556 | Components of Civilization | advanced technology | |
| 116418557 | Components of Civilization | skilled workers (artisans) | |
| 116418558 | Components of Civilization | complex institutions (religion and government) | |
| 116418559 | independent invention- | an idea or technology created without any outside influence | |
| 116418560 | diffusion- | an idea or technology that is introduced to a region/society/civilization by another civilization (conquest, trade, etc) | |
| 116418561 | Permanent settlements: | Villages►Towns►Cities (Catal Hayuk) | |
| 116418562 | Specialized Workers: | don't have to farm can have another job (commerce, textiles, religious leaders) | |
| 116418563 | Technological Innovations: | Copper►Gold►Bronze (weapons, luxury goods) | |
| 116418564 | Governments: | development of cities requires large public works (roads, irrigation, buildings) | |
| 116418565 | Governments | governments formed to organize and oversee these | |
| 116418566 | Governments | also to protect the population | |
| 116418567 | Social Classes: | arose from amount of land owned | |
| 116418568 | Religion: | began as explanation of natural processes and natural disasters, eventually leaders rose to perform rituals and devote their life to these deities...very, very polytheistic | |
| 116418569 | Nomadic v. Agricultural Societies | not just moving around v. staying put, also involves emotional issues | |
| 116418570 | Nomadic v. Agricultural Societies | when you stay in the same place for generations, you think of it as your home... | |
| 116418571 | Nomadic v. Agricultural Societies | someone else comes in, you think of them as intruders rather than neighbors | |
| 116418572 | Nomadic v. Agricultural Societies | conflict eventually erupts... | |
| 116418573 | lack of natural barriers = | frequent invasion (Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians) | |
| 116418574 | Babylonian King: | Hammurabi (Law Code of Hammurabi) | |
| 116418575 | Egypt | 3000 BCE | |
| 116418576 | Egypt | Nile River Valley | |
| 116418577 | Egypt | mostly agricultural settlements along the Nile, very few cities | |
| 116418578 | Egypt | trade connects villages (flow of Nile- North) | |
| 116418579 | Egypt | Pharaoh: god on earth, pyramids (tombs),mummification | |
| 116418580 | Egypt | bronze from Mesopotamia, iron from Kush | |
| 116418581 | Egypt | writing: hieroglyphics | |
| 116418582 | Egypt | natural barriers protected from invasion (Mediterranean, Sahara) | |
| 116418583 | Indus Valley | 2500 BCE | |
| 116418584 | Indus Valley | Indus River Valley (Pakistan) | |
| 116418585 | Indus Valley | unpredictable flooding | |
| 116418586 | Indus Valley | Cities: grid pattern (Mohenjo Daro and Harappa) | |
| 116418587 | Indus Valley | running water and sewage in houses | |
| 116418588 | Indus Valley | 1500 BCE- invaded by Indo-Aryans | |
| 116418589 | Indus Valley | conquest had significant impact on future of region | |
| 116418590 | Yellow River Valley | most isolated: deserts, mountains, seas | |
| 116418591 | Yellow River Valley | Shang Dynasty- earliest, first to develop writing | |
| 116418592 | Yellow River Valley | flooding brings need for strong central government | |
| 116418593 | Yellow River Valley | elaborate palaces and tombs | |
| 116418594 | Yellow River Valley | oracle bones (divination) | |
| 116418595 | Yellow River Valley | ancestor worship | |
| 116418596 | Yellow River Valley | mandate of heaven (Shang fell to Zhou because of this) | |
| 116418597 | Share Characteristics of M,E,I,Y, | need for cooperation led to development of centralized government | |
| 116418598 | Share Characteristics of M,E,I,Y, | knowledge of metallurgy (whether by or diffution inventions led to advanced weapons, tools, and art | |
| 116418599 | Share Characteristics of M,E,I,Y, | writing systems, social classes, patriarchy, polytheism | |
| 116418600 | Share Characteristics of M,E,I,Y, | trade with neighboring civilizations | |
| 116418601 | Share Characteristics of M,E,I,Y, | warfare: external and internal pressures | |
| 116418602 | China | Theme....Geographic isolation led to rare invasions and a distinct identity | |
| 116418603 | China | Pattern of rule...dynasty (family of kings) | |
| 116418604 | Zhou Dynasty | rulers referred to themselves as the Sons of Heaven (centralization, "awe of emperor", explanation of dynastic cycle, loyalty) | |
| 116418605 | Zhou Dynasty | rule was known as Mandate of Heaven | |
| 116418606 | Zhou Dynasty | standardized language- Mandarin | |
| 116418607 | Qin Dynasty... | one which gives China it's name | |
| 116418608 | Qin Dynasty | standardized weights, measures, coins | |
| 116418609 | Qin Dynasty | uniform written language...unity | |
| 116418610 | Han Dynasty | extend borders, open trade to India, Mediterranean (Silk Han Dynasty technology: canals, ox drawn plows, paper, water powered mills | |
| 116418611 | Han Dynasty | period of peace...like the Pax Romana | |
| 116418612 | Significance of Classical Chinese | increasingly centralized governments, bureaucracy | |
| 116418613 | Significance of Classical Chinese | expanding influence over rest of Asia | |
| 116418614 | Significance of Classical Chinese | increase in production of luxury goods, silk | |
| 116418615 | Significance of Classical Chinese | increase in trade along Silk Road | |
| 116418616 | Significance of Classical Chinese | oddly enough though the merchant was seen as "low standing" in Chinese culture | |
| 116418617 | Significance of Classical Chinese | most technologically advance civilizations of the classical era | |
| 116418618 | Significance of Classical Chinese | basis of tradition established: patriarchy, Confucian values | |
| 116418619 | Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan Age | development of social classes (ways to keep Aryans and natives separate) | |
| 116418620 | Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan Age | Warrior/governing - Kshatriyas | |
| 116418621 | Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan Age | Priests - Brahmins | |
| 116418622 | Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan Age Traders/farmers - | Vaisyas | |
| 116418623 | Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan Age Common laborers - | Sudras | |
| 116418624 | Vedic and Epic Age (Aryan Age Untouchables - | refuse, transporting dead bodies, other lovely jobs | |
| 116418625 | Mauryan Dynasty | Large army, unites almost entire Indian subcontinent | |
| 116418626 | Mauryan Dynasty | establishment of large bureaucracy | |
| 116418627 | Mauryan Dynasty | Ashoka (grandson)- ruthless conqueror, changes mind and converts to helps spread of by rock and pillar edicts | |
| 116418628 | Gupta Dynasty | Rulers, Buddhist Toleration | |
| 116418629 | Gupta: sati- | widow suicide by jumping on dead husband's funeral pyre (fire) | |
| 116418630 | Gupta Dynasty | Technology/Discoveries: zero as placeholder, Arabic numerals, decimal system, astronomy, surgery, illness Prevention | |
| 116418631 | Significance of Indian Classical Civilization | Aryan influence, even today | |
| 116418632 | Significance of Indian Classical Civilization | Development of Hinduism and Buddhism | |
| 116418633 | Significance of Indian Classical Civilization | Caste system: increasingly rigid | |
| 116418634 | Significance of Indian Classical Civilization | increase in trade...Silk Roads | |
| 116418635 | Significance of Indian Classical Civilization | Impact of technological and scientific discoveries on later ages Europe | |
| 116418636 | Greece Sparta: | military focus, slave labor, totalitarian society | |
| 116418637 | Greece Athens: | democracy, achievements in art and architecture, trade | |
| 116418638 | Greece Persian Wars: | alliance of Athens and Sparta v. Persia | |
| 116418639 | Greece Victory = | dominance of Athens, leads to distrust, Peloponnesian War (Sparta v. Athens) | |
| 116418640 | Greece Culture: | Greek Theater (tragedy and comedy), Olympic Games, philosophy (Aristotle) | |
| 116418641 | Greece Expansion: | colonies surrounding Mediterranean | |
| 116418642 | Rome Expansion: | Punic Wars (v. Carthage, Hannibal, elephants) begins, continues to Western Europe, Eastern Mediterranean | |
| 116418643 | Rome 45 BCE- | rise of Julius Caesar, from republic to empire | |
| 116418644 | Rome 27 BCE- | Augustus Octavian Caesar becomes Emperor, begins era of Pax Romana | |
| 116418645 | Rome Technology: | roads, aqueducts, concrete, arches, Colosseum | |
| 116418646 | Rome Achievements: | common language (Latin), common coinage, continuation of Greek traditions | |
| 116418647 | Significance of Mediterranean Classical Civilizations: | political patterns developed here still have influence of modern day | |
| 116418648 | Significance of Mediterranean Classical Civilizations: | cultural traditions and cultures shaped arts for centuries | |
| 116418649 | Significance of Mediterranean Classical Civilizations: | development of Christianity | |
| 116418650 | Significance of Mediterranean Classical Civilizations: | extensive trade brings new ideas and products | |
| 116418651 | Significance of Mediterranean Classical Civilizations: | use of slave labor led to decline in economic expansion | |
| 116418652 | Polytheism | beliefs in early River Polytheism animism: gods/goddesses found in nature (trees, stones, plants) | |
| 116418653 | Hinduism | developed form oral traditions/literature of the Aryans (India) | |
| 116418654 | Hinduism | no single founder | |
| 116418655 | Hinduism polytheistic: | didn't matter which god, just as long as you had one | |
| 116418656 | Hinduism Brahmins: | priests | |
| 116418657 | Hinduism karma: | good and bad deeds, determines what you are reincarnated as | |
| 116418658 | Hinduism dharma: | moral code to guide life and actions | |
| 116418659 | Hinduism | worship cattle as sacred, no eating of beef | |
| 116418660 | Hinduism Significance: | reinforced caste system, continued influence today | |
| 116418661 | Buddhism | founded by Siddhartha Gautama, NE India, "Buddha"- not a deity | |
| 116418662 | Buddhism | similar to Hinduism, nirvana, belief in reincarnation | |
| 116418663 | Buddhism | differences from Hinduism: no caste system, | |
| 116418664 | Buddhism | Appealed to lower classes because of belief in equality | |
| 116418665 | Buddhism Spread: | trade (monasteries along trade routes), monks and nuns (early missionaries), Ashoka | |
| 116418666 | Buddhism Significance: | alternative to Hinduism, spread to East and Southeast Asia | |
| 116418667 | Confucianism | Emerged during Era of Warring States | |
| 116418668 | Confucianism | developed by Confucius as a way to bring stability | |
| 116418669 | Confucianism | good government depended oneducated | |
| 116418670 | civil | adherence to virtue, related government hierarchy to family hierarchy | |
| 116418671 | Confucianism Analects: recorded by followers, | collection of rules | |
| 116418672 | Confucianism Spread: | elements spread to those places under Chinese control (Korea, Vietnam) or those influenced by China (Japan) | |
| 116418673 | Confucianism Significance: | cornerstone of Chinese tradition and culture, basis of civil service exams, preserved gender roles | |
| 116418674 | Daoism Philosophy: | balance in nature (yin and yang), follow "The Way" | |
| 116418675 | Daoism | Political activism not necessary for harmony (opposed to Conf...) | |
| 116418676 | Daoism Spread: | same as Confucianism | |
| 116418677 | Daoism Significance: | blended with Confucianism, beliefs still in use today (Star Wars...the force) | |
| 116418678 | Judaism | first monotheistic religion | |
| 116418679 | Judaism | Yahweh...God, Torah...Bible (Old Testament) | |
| 116418680 | Judaism | first to emphasize power and abstraction of God | |
| 116418681 | Judaism Spread: | Followers of Judaism did not try to convert others to their religion | |
| 116418682 | Judaism Significance: | first monotheistic religion; foundation for future monotheistic religions of Christianity and Islam; pattern of persecution against Jewish people continues even today | |
| 116418683 | ChristianitySpread: | missionaries by Roman roads, rapid spread, eventually accepted by Roman | |
| 116418684 | ChristianitySignificance: | Christianity continues to have an enormous influence on Western Culture and is considered one of the West's most important cultural heirlooms from Roman times; Christianity had wide appeal among the poor and among women because its stress on the concept of equality in faith; served as a unifying force among Europeans after the fall of the Roman Empire; earliest organized Christianity in the form of Catholicism, which had a significant influence on Medieval and Early Modern European rulers | |
| 116418685 | "Islam"- | submission to Allah | |
| 116418686 | Islam Muhammad | believed Islam was extension of Christian and Jewish teachings | |
| 116418687 | Islam Beliefs: Five Pillars | Faith- no God but Allah | |
| 116418688 | Islam Beliefs: Five Pillars | Prayer- 5x daily | |
| 116418689 | Islam Beliefs: Five Pillars | Fasting- Ramadan | |
| 116418690 | Islam Beliefs: Five Pillars | Alms- charity | |
| 116418691 | Islam Beliefs: Five Pillars | Pilgrimmage- Hajj | |
| 116418692 | Islam Muhammad | fled in 622 CE because of persecution and invitation to mediate dispute in Medina | |
| 116418693 | Islam Muhammad | fear of assassination if he stayed in Mecca | |
| 116418694 | Islam Muhammad | going to Medina led to a lot of new followers joining him | |
| 116418695 | 17th century- | Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine, Egypt, Central Asia | |
| 116418696 | 8th century- | North Africa, Indian, Iberia (Spain) | |
| 116418697 | India and Southeast Asia 12th century- | control Indus River Valley | |
| 116418698 | India and Southeast Asia | popular with Hindu lower caste orders | |
| 116418699 | India and Southeast Asia | spread to SE Asia through merchants | |
| 116418700 | Africa | against stateless societies of Africa (around kinship or clans) | |
| 116418701 | Africa | spread along caravan routes | |
| 116418702 | Africa | East Africa- by traders | |
| 116418703 | Africa | only Christian state of Africa- Ethiopia | |
| 116418704 | Significance of Islam | last world religion to develop | |
| 116418705 | Significance of Islam | spread through trade and conquest | |
| 116418706 | Significance of Islam | preserved advancements of ancient Greeks |
