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| 285490413 | archaelogical | _____________ evidence indicates that during the Paleolithic era, hunting-foraging bands of humans gradually migrated from their origin in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas, adapting their technology and cultures to new climate regions. | 0 | |
| 285490414 | fire | Humans used ____ in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators, and to adapt to cold environments. | 1 | |
| 285490415 | tools | Humans developed a wider range of _____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra. | 2 | |
| 285490416 | kinship | Economic structures focused on small _______ groups of huntingforaging bands that could make what they needed to survive. However, not all groups were self-sufficient; they exchanged people, ideas, and goods. | 3 | |
| 285490417 | neolithic revolution | Beginning about 10,000 years ago, the _________ ___________ led to the development of new and more complex economic and social systems. | 4 | |
| 285490418 | climate change | Possibly as a response to ________ _______, permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean. Agriculture emerged at different times in Mesopotamia, the Nile River Valley and Sub-Saharan Africa, the Indus River Valley, the Yellow River or Huang He Valley, Papua New Guinea, Mesoamerica, and the Andes. | 5 | |
| 285490419 | pastorialism | __________ developed at various sites in the grasslands of Afro-Eurasia. | 6 | |
| 285490420 | domesticated | Different crops or animals were _____________ in the various core regions, depending on available local flora and fauna. | 7 | |
| 285490421 | Agricutural | __________ communities had to work cooperatively to clear land and create the water control systems needed for crop production. | 8 | |
| 285490422 | pastoralist | These agricultural practices drastically impacted environmental diversity. _________ also affected the environment by grazing large numbers of animals on fragile grasslands, leading to erosion whenovergrazed. | 9 | |
| 285490423 | transform | Agriculture and pastoralism began to __________ human societies. | 10 | |
| 285490424 | increased the population | Pastoralism and agriculture led to more reliable and abundant food supplies, which _________ ___ ____________ | 11 | |
| 285490425 | Specialization of labor | Surpluses of food and other goods led to _______ __ ____, including new classes of artisans and warriors, and the development of elites. | 12 | |
| 285490426 | technological innovations | _________ ___________ led to improvements in agricultural production, trade, and transportation. | 13 | |
| 285490427 | plows, metallurgy | examples of improvements in agricultural production, trade, and transportation: • Pottery • _____ • Woven textiles • ________ • Wheels and wheeled vehicles | 14 | |
| 285490428 | elite | In both pastoralist and agrarian societies, ____ groups accumulated wealth, creating more hierarchical social structures and promoting patriarchal forms of social organization. | 15 | |
| 285490429 | agriculture | Core and foundational civilizations developed in a variety of geographical and environmental settings where _________ flourished. | 16 | |
| 285490430 | Mohenjo-Daro, Chavin | examples of core and foundational civilizations: • Mesopotamia in the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys • Egypt in the Nile River Valley • _________ and Harappa in the Indus River Valley • Shang in the Yellow River or Huang He Valley • Olmecs in Mesoamerica • ______ in Andean South America | 17 | |
| 285490431 | core | The first states emerged within ____ civilizations. | 18 | |
| 285490432 | states | ______ were powerful new systems of rule that mobilized surplus labor and resources over large areas. Early ______ were often led by a ruler whose source of power was believed to be divine or had divine support and/or who was supported by the military. | 19 |
