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AP World- Foundations Flashcards

8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E.

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164297412agriculturethe practice of cultivating the land or raising stock0
164297413Agrarianrelating to rural matters1
164297414Bands/ClansSmall groups of families living and acting cooperatively2
164297415Barbariana member of an uncivilized people3
164297416Bureaucracysystem of managing government through departments run by appointed officials4
164297417Civilizationa society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)5
164297418City-StatesDifferent sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers6
164297419Classicalof or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times7
164297420Domesticationthe taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food8
164297421Economyfrugality in the expenditure of money or resources9
164297422EgalitarianA person who believes in the equality of all people10
164297423EmperorThe ruler of an empire11
164297424Empirea group of countries under a single authority12
164297425Feudalisma political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service13
164297426Foragingthe act of searching for food and provisions14
164297427Hierarchythe organization of people at different ranks in an administrative body15
164297428Hierarchicalin order of rank or authority16
164297429Hunter-Gatherera member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods.17
164297430Irrigationsupplying land with water through a network of canals18
164297431Monarchystate ruled over by a single person, as a king or queen19
164297432Monotheismbelief in a single God20
164297433NeolithicNew Stone Age21
164297434Nomadicwandering, moving about from place to place22
164297435Pastoralrural; of rural life; idyllic; of a pastor23
164297436Philosophya belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group24
164297437Polytheismbelief in multiple Gods25
164297438River Valleythe fertile land surrounding a river26
164297439Sedentarynot migratory; settled27
164297440Settlementthe act of colonizing28
164297441Subsistenceexistence; means of subsisting; means of support; livelihood; V. subsist: exist; maintain life (at a meager level)29
164297442Surplusa quantity much larger than is needed30
164297443Sustenancea source of materials to nourish the body31
164297444Theocracygovernment by divine power or priests32
164297445Traditionalconsisting of or derived from tradition33
164297446Urbanizationthe social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban34
164297447Vassalsmembers of the elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty35
164297448Alexander The Greatson of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world36
164297449Analects of ConfuciusRecord of Confucius values37
164297450Bronze Agea period of human culture between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, characterized by the use of weapons and implements made of bronze38
164297451Byzantiuma continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395 (East Rome)39
164297452Calendera system of organizes time that defines the feging length and division of a year40
164297453Code of Hammurabithe set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety41
164297454CuneiformSumerian writing made by pressing a wedge-shaped tool into clay tablets42
164297455Democracya political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them43
164297456Eight Fold Patheight guides to thought and conduct in the Buddhism religion44
164297457Four Noble Truths1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path (Buddhism)45
164297458Gothic MigrationsGermanic nomads pushed into West Rome by the Huns46
164297459Great WallChinese defensive fortification built to keep out northern nomadic invaders; began during the reign of Shi Huangdi.47
164297460Han Dynastyimperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization48
164297461Hellenismthe principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization49
164297462The Hunswarrior nomads who built their own imperial confederacy in central europe and invaded europe in 270 CE from Europe/ Russia to Manchuria50
164297463Indian Ocean Tradeconnected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.51
164297464Iron Agethe period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons52
164297465Jewish Diasporathe global dispersion of the jewish people from their ancestral homeland, with a history dating back to millennia53
164297466Legalismstrict conformity to the letter of the law rather than its spirit54
164297467Pax RomanaA period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.55
164297468PyramidsHuge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top56
164297469Roman Republicthe ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC57
164297470Roman SenateA council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire. (148)58
164297471Shang CivilizationChina's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE59
164297472Shi Huang DiQin dynasty - reunified china, legalistic, introduced the standard units of money, unified the great wall, buried with 7000 terracotta soldiers, hated confucianism60
164297473Siddhartha Gautamafounder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha61
164297474Silk Road TradeThe most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilization.62
164297475The TorahThe Jewish Bible63
164297476The Vedas of HinduismAryan hyms orignally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century b.c.e.64
164297477Zigguratsa temple tower of the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories65

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