4265377529 | English Commonwealth | period in English history where the nation had no monarch; began w/ execution of Charles I and ended w/ restoration of Charles II; led by Oliver Cromwell | 0 | |
4265377530 | European exploration | voyages to new territories by European navigators in the 15th century, | 1 | |
4265377531 | Floating Empires | Portuguese and the Spanish set out to sea, controlled many major shipping routes | 2 | |
4265377532 | Goa, India | island off the coast of India that was the base of Portuguese trade | 3 | |
4265377533 | Gutenberg's Printing Press | this invention helped to promote the Reformation and increased European literacy | 4 | |
4265377534 | Hacienda system | similar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their products from their owners | 5 | |
4265377535 | Hapsburg Spain | Charles V was the king here and this is where counter reformation was strongest. | 6 | |
4265377536 | Henry Tudor | also known as Henry VII, victor of the War of the Roses, Lancasterian | 7 | |
4265377537 | heliocentric theory | planets revolve around the sun | 8 | |
4265377538 | huguenots | French Protestants | 9 | |
4265377539 | Indulgences | remission of the punishment for sin by the clergy in return for services or payments | 10 | |
4265377540 | Jannissary Corps | Christian boys who were taken by the Muslim Ottomans to train and serve in the military. They often converted to Islam as they lost all Christian influence. | 11 | |
4265377541 | Jesuit Order | a Roman Catholic order founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 to defend Catholicism against the Reformation and to do missionary work among the heathen | 12 | |
4265377542 | Law of Heavenly Bodies | Copernicus believed that heavenly bodies were in constant rotation | 13 | |
4265377543 | Martin Luther | German theologian who led the Reformation | 14 | |
4265377544 | Louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715) | 15 | |
4265377545 | Qing Dynasty | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries; during the Qing dynasty China was ruled by the Manchu | 16 | |
4265377546 | Peter the Great | ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia | 17 | |
4265377547 | Philip II of Spain | this was the king who started the success of Spain's foreign colonies | 18 | |
4265377548 | Potosi Silver Mine | silver mine in the interior of South America; great silver mountain that would bring Spanish wealth | 19 | |
4265377549 | Protestant Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 20 | |
4265377550 | Roman Catholic Church | the Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy | 21 | |
4265377551 | Scientific Methods | a series of steps followed to solve problems, including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions | 22 | |
4265377552 | Scientific Revolution | an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method | 23 | |
4265377553 | Silver (Single) Whip System | 1581, imposed by Chief Grand Secretary Zhang Juzheng ordered that all land taxes in China must be paid in silver; this reform monetized the Chinese tax system | 24 | |
4265377554 | Straits of Malacca | well-traveled stretch of water between Malaysia and Indonesia used for trade along the Spice Route | 25 | |
4265377555 | Suleiman the Magnificent | The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire, 'The Lawgiver.' he expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. | 26 | |
4265377556 | Thirty Years War | this was the international war between the Protestants and Catholics that eventually ended religious conflicts in Europe | 27 | |
4265377557 | Tokugawa Shogunate | Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences | 28 | |
4265377558 | Treaty of Westphalia | 1648, ended the 30 Year War and created the state system. | 29 | |
4265377559 | The Vatican | the palace in Rome in which the Pope lives; the control center of the Roman Catholic Church | 30 | |
4265377560 | Zheng He | Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia | 31 | |
4265377561 | 95 Theses | written by Martin Luther and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. | 32 | |
4265377562 | absolutism | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) | 33 | |
4265377563 | Anglican Church | church that King Henry VIII of England creates so that he can marry and divorce as he pleases | 34 | |
4265377564 | Tycho Brahe | (1546-1601) established himself as Europe's foremost astronomer of his day; detailed observations of new star of 1572. | 35 | |
4265377565 | Miguel de Cervantes | Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form | 36 | |
4265377566 | Nicholas Copernicus | He thought that the sun was the center & the plants went around the sun in circles | 37 | |
4265377567 | "early modern" period | the time period of 1450 - 1750 (it is called this because events occurring in this time directly shape regional/political units of todays world) | 38 | |
4265377568 | empirical evidence | scientific evidence obtained by careful observation and experimentation | 39 | |
4265377569 | English Civil War | conflict from 1640-1660; religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues (the powers of the monarch); ended w/ restoration of the monarch following execution of previous king | 40 | |
4265377570 | Enlightenment | a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions | 41 | |
4265377571 | Galileo | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars | 42 | |
4265377572 | Gunpowder Empires | Muslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and the Mughals that employed cannonry and gunpowder to advance their military causes. | 43 | |
4265377573 | Johann Gutenberg | German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) | 44 | |
4265377574 | joint-stock companies | businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses | 45 | |
4265377575 | Johannes Kepler | German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630) | 46 | |
4265377576 | land-based powers | governments controlled lands by building armies, bureaucracies, and roads, etc. that unified regions | 47 | |
4265377577 | sea-based powers | nations who built larger empires by controlling sea routes and colonies | 48 | |
4265377578 | Leonardo da Vinci | A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa. | 49 |
AP World History 10 Flashcards
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