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| 5940916760 | bhakti | Hindu devotional movement that flourished in the early modern era, emphasizing music, dance, poetry, and rituals as means by which to achieve direct union with the divine | 0 | |
| 5940920624 | Catholic Counter-Reformation | an internal reform of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century; thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent, Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability | 1 | |
| 5940925542 | Condorcet and the idea of progress | the Marquis de Condorcet was a French philosopher and political scientist who argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near-infinite improvability, with slavery, racism, tyranny, and other human trials swept away by the triumph of reason | 2 | |
| 5940931376 | Copernicus, Nicolaus | Polish mathematician and astronomer who was the first to argue for the existence of a heliocentric cosmos | 3 | |
| 5940933071 | COUNCIL OF TRENT | the main instrument of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, at which the Catholic Church clarified doctrine and corrected abuses | 4 | |
| 5940935365 | Darwin, Charles | highly influential English biologist whose theory of natural selection continues to be seen by many as a threat to revealed religious truth | 5 | |
| 5940935366 | deism | belief in divine being who created the cosmos but who does not intervene directly in human affairs | 6 | |
| 5940939145 | EDICT OF NANTES | 1598 edict issued by French king Henry IV that granted considerable religious toleration to French Protestants and ended the French Wars of Religion | 7 | |
| 5940945012 | European Enlightenment | European intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society | 8 | |
| 5940948068 | Freud, Sigmund | Austrian doctor and the father of the modern psychoanalysis; his theories about the operation of the human mind and emotions remain influential today | 9 | |
| 5940950384 | Galilei, Galileo | Italian astronomer who further developed the ideas of Copernicus and whose work was eventually suppressed by the Catholic Church | 10 | |
| 5940951661 | huacas | local gods of the Andes | 11 | |
| 5940952270 | HUGUENOTS | the Protestant minority in France | 12 | |
| 5943683262 | Jesuits in China | series of Jesuit missionaries in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to understand and become a part of Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elite, although with limited success | 13 | |
| 5943684818 | kaozheng | Literally, "research based on evidence"; Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis, applied especially to historical documents | 14 | |
| 5946005847 | Luther, Martin | German priest and theologian who inaugurated the Protestant Reformation movement in Europe | 15 | |
| 5946008376 | Marx, Karl | German philosopher whose view of human history as a class struggle formed the basis of socialism | 16 | |
| 5946009653 | Mirabai | one of India's most beloved bhakti poets, she helped break down the barriers of caste the tradition | 17 | |
| 5946011525 | Nanak, Guru | the founder of Sikhism | 18 | |
| 5946011526 | Newton, Isaac | English natural scientist whose formulation of the laws of motion and mechanics is regarded as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution | 19 | |
| 5946015492 | Ninety-five Theses | list of ninety-five debating points about the abuses of the Church, posted by Martin Luther on the door of a church in Wittenberg in 1517; the Church's strong reaction eventually drove Luther to separate from Catholic Christianity | 20 | |
| 5946017568 | Protestant Reformation | Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther; while the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to "reform" a Church that had fallen from biblical practice, in reality the movement was radically innovative in its challenge to Church authority and its endorsement of salvation "by faith alone" | 21 | |
| 5946019586 | Ricci, Matteo | the most famous Jesuit missionary in China in the early modern period ; active in China from 1582 to 1610 | 22 | |
| 5946021196 | Scientific Revoultion | great European intellectual and cultural transformation that was based on the principles of the scientific method | 23 | |
| 5946021197 | SIKHISM | religious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak ca.1500; combines elements of Hinduism and Islam and proclaims the brotherhood of all humans and the equality of men and women | 24 | |
| 5946024803 | Society of Jesus | also called "Jesuits," this Catholic religious society was founded to encourage the renewal of Catholicism through education and preaching; it soon became a leading Catholic missionary order beyond the borders of Europe | 25 | |
| 5946027173 | Taki Onqoy | Literally, "dancing sickness"; a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age | 26 | |
| 5946029566 | Thirty Years' War | highly destructive war that eventually included most of Europe; fought for the most part between Protestants and Catholics, the conflict ended with the Peace of Westphalia | 27 | |
| 5946031326 | Voltaire | pen name of the French philosopher Francois-Marie Arouet, whose work is often taken as a model of Enlightenment questioning of traditional values and attitudes; noted for his deism and his criticism of traditional religion | 28 | |
| 5946033934 | Wahhabi Islam | major Islamic movement led by the Muslim theologian Abd al-Wahhab that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia | 29 | |
| 5946040657 | Wang Yangrim | prominent Chinese philosopher who argued that it was possible to achieve a virtuous life by introspection, without the extensive of traditional Confucianism | 30 |
