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| 5400063675 | albert einstein | Formulated mathematical theories to explain the behavior of planeary motion and the movement of electrical particles; in about 1900 issued theory of relativity | 0 | |
| 5400066119 | triple entente | Agreement among Britain, Russia, and France in 1907; part of the European balance of power system before World War I | 1 | |
| 5400068076 | industrial revolution | series of changes in economy of Western nations between 174 and 20th century; stimulated by rapid population growth, increase in agricultural productivity, commercial revolution in 17th century, and development of new means of transportation; in essence involved technological change and the application of machines to the process of production | 2 | |
| 5400069861 | karl marx | German socialist who saw history as a class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production ; preached the inevibility of social revolution and the creation of proletarian dictatorship | 3 | |
| 5400076123 | mass leisure culture | An aspect of the later Industrial Revolution; decreased time at work and offered opportunities for new forms of leisure time, such as vacation time and team sports | 4 | |
| 5400080967 | reform bill of 1832 | British legislation that extended the vote to most male members of the middle class | 5 | |
| 5400080968 | liberals | Political ideology that flourished in 19th-century western Europe; stressed limited government, representation of the people in government; urged importance of constitutional role and parliments | 6 | |
| 5400084413 | otto von bismarck | Conservative prime minister of Prussia; architect of German unification under the Prussian king in 1871; used liberal reforms to maintain stability | 7 | |
| 5400087419 | napoleon bonaparte | Army officer who rose in rank during the wars of the French Revolution; ended the democratic phase of the revolution; became emperor; deposed and exiled in 1815 | 8 | |
| 5400089245 | charles darwin | Biologist who developed the theory of evolution of species; argued that all living forms evolved through the successful ability to adapt in a struggle for survival | 9 | |
| 5400089246 | romanticism | 19th-century western European artistic and literary movement; held that emotion and impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature; sought to portray passions, not calm reflections | 10 | |
| 5400095097 | triple alliance | Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th-century; part of the European balance of power system before World War I | 11 | |
| 5400096951 | monroe doctrine | Declaration in 1823 establishing America as a completely independent country; they were supported by the British; European rules | 12 | |
| 5400098857 | conservatives | Political viewpoint with orgins in western Europe during the 19th-century; opposed revolutionary goals; advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of the church | 13 | |
| 5400098858 | declaration of independence | formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain. | 14 | |
| 5400101332 | tennis court oath | vowing "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established." It was a pivotal event in the early days of the French Revolution. | 15 | |
| 5400101333 | factory system | Intensification of all the processes of production at a single site during the Industrial Revolution; involved greater organization of labor and increased discipline | 16 | |
| 5400102808 | chartist movement | Unsuccessful attempt by British artisans and workers to gain the vote during the 1840s | 17 | |
| 5400104659 | french revolution | Overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy through a revolution beginning in 1789; created a republic and eventually ended with Napoleon's French empire; the source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe | 18 | |
| 5400104660 | louis xvi | Bourbon ruler of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution | 19 | |
| 5400106692 | imperialism | The policy of expanding national territory through colonization and conquest | 20 | |
| 5400110447 | revolution of 1905 | instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy. | 21 | |
| 5400110448 | age of revolution | Period of political upheaval beginning roughly with the American Revolution in 1775 and continuing through the French Revolution of 1789 and other movements for change up to 1848 | 22 | |
| 5400116708 | population revolution | huge growth in population in Western Europe beginning about 1730; prelude to industrialization | 23 | |
| 5400119448 | protoindustrialization | Preliminary shift away from an agricultural economy; workers became full or part time producers who worked at home in a capatilist system in which materials,work,orders,and sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution | 24 | |
| 5400121286 | american revolution | Rebellion of the British-American Atlantic seaboard colonies; ended with the formation of the independent United States | 25 | |
| 5400121287 | radicals | Followers of a 19th-century Western European political emphasis; advocated broader voting rights than liberals did; urged reforms favoring lower classes | 26 | |
| 5400125434 | nationalism | European 19th-century viewpoint; often allied with other "-isms"; urged the importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on ethnic orgins | 27 | |
| 5400125435 | greek revolution | Rebellion of Greeks againts the Ottoman Empire in 1820; a key step in the disintergration of the Turkish Balkan Empire | 28 | |
| 5400127687 | reign of terror | a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, in particular, the period during the French Revolution. | 29 | |
| 5400129464 | robespierre | was a French lawyer and politician, and one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution, the defense of the Republic, and the Reign of Terror. | 30 | |
| 5400131482 | feminist movement | Sought legal and economic gains for women, among them equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on the right to vote; won initial support from middle class women | 31 | |
| 5400133413 | sigmund freud | Viennese physician who developed theories of the workings of the human subconscious; argued that behavior is determined by impulses | 32 | |
| 5400133414 | james watt | Devised a steam engine in the 1770s that could be used for production in many industries; a key step in the Industrial Revolution | 33 | |
| 5400139660 | declaration of the rights of man and the citizen | Adopted during the French Revolution; proclaimed equality of French citizens; became a source document for later liberal movements | 34 | |
| 5400142640 | boer war | Fought between the British and Afrikaners; British victory and postwar policies left the African population of South Africa under Afrikaner control. | 35 | |
| 5400145966 | captain james cook | Made voyages to Hawaii from 1777 to 1779 resulting in the opening of the islands to the west. Convinced Kamehameha to create a unified kingdom in the islands. | 36 | |
| 5400148181 | contested settler colonies | Combination of Tropical Dependencies and White Dominions. Europeans settled permanently, and eventually clashed with the Native people. | 37 | |
| 5400154754 | cecil rhodes | British entrepreneur; went to South Africa and became involved with the gold and diamond trade. Started Boer War. | 38 | |
| 5400161808 | ghost dance | was a religious ceremony introduced by the Paiute tribe in an area that is now present-day Nevada. | 39 | |
| 5400161809 | boxer rebellion | Rebellion in 1899 in Beijing. Started by a secret society who opposed the "foreign devils". Ended by the British. | 40 | |
| 5400165923 | white dominions | Majority of the population was European settlers. The Natives were reduced by war and diesease. | 41 | |
| 5400165924 | james mill | was a British historian, economist, political theorist, and philosopher. | 42 | |
| 5400168369 | utilitarians | social and political theory about how people should be treated and what the government show do. | 43 | |
| 5400168370 | sepoys | Troops that served the British East India Company; recruited from the Indians. | 44 | |
| 5400172836 | british raj | Rule over much of Southeast Asia from 1765 to 1947 by the British East India company and then British governement. | 45 | |
| 5400175417 | methodism | Strict self discipline & methodical approach to religious study. Emphasized life of abstinence, thrift, hard work. | 46 | |
| 5400175418 | battle of plassey | was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757. | 47 | |
| 5400178114 | robert clive | Architect of British victory at Plassey; established foundations of British raj in northern India (18th century) | 48 | |
| 5400179600 | lord charles cornwallis | Reformer of the East India Company administration of India in the 1790's; reduced power of local British administrators; checked widespread corruption. | 49 |
