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| 6532126326 | Alexander the Great | successor of Philip II; successfully conquered the Persian empire prior to his death in 323 B.C.E.; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures. | 0 | |
| 6532126327 | Himalayas | mountain region marking the northern border of the Indian subcontinent. | 1 | |
| 6532126328 | monsoons | seasonal winds crossing Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia; during summer bring rains. | 2 | |
| 6532126329 | Sanskrit | the classical and sacred Indian language. | 3 | |
| 6532126330 | Varnas | clusters of caste groups in Aryan society; four social castes—brahmans (priests), warriors, merchants, and peasants; beneath four Aryan castes was group of socially untouchable Dasas. | 4 | |
| 6532126331 | Indra | chief deity of the Aryans; depicted as a colossal, hard-drinking warrior. | 5 | |
| 6532126332 | Chandragupta Maurya | founder of the Mauryan dynasty, the first empire in the Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization. | 6 | |
| 6532126333 | Mauryan | dynasty established in Indian subcontinent in 4th century B.C.E. following the invasion of Alexander the Great. | 7 | |
| 6532126334 | Ashoka | grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; extended conquests of the dynasty; converted to Buddhismand sponsored its spread throughout his empire. | 8 | |
| 6532126335 | dharma | the caste position and career determined by a person's birth; Hindu culture required that one accept one's social position and perform their occupation to the best of one's ability in order to have a better situation in the next life. | 9 | |
| 6532126336 | Guptas | dynasty that succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century C.E., which included all but southern Indian regions; less centralized than Mauryan Empire. | 10 | |
| 6532126337 | Kautilya | political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya; wrote political treatise. | 11 | |
| 6532126338 | gurus | originally referred to as brahmans, who served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the Guptas. | 12 | |
| 6532126339 | Vishnu | the brahman, later Hindu, god of sacrifice; widely worshipped. | 13 | |
| 6532126340 | Shiva | Hindu god of destruction and reproduction; worshipped as the personification of cosmic forces of change. | 14 | |
| 6532126341 | reincarnation | the successive rebirth of the soul according to merits earned in previous lives. | 15 | |
| 6532126342 | nirvana | the Buddhist state of enlightenment; a state of tranquility. | 16 | |
| 6532126343 | Kamasutra | written by Vatsayana during Gupta era; offered instructions on all aspects of life for higher-caste males, including grooming, hygiene, etiquette, selection of wives, and lovemaking. | 17 | |
| 6532126344 | stupas | stone shrines built to house relics of the Buddha; preserved Buddhist architectural forms. | 18 | |
| 6532126345 | scholar-gentry | Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China. | 19 | |
| 6532126346 | lateen | triangular sails attached to the masts of dhows by long booms or yard arms; which extended diagonally high across the fore and aft of the ship. | 20 | |
| 6532126347 | al-Mahdi | third Abbasid caliph (775-785); failed to reconcile Shi'a moderates to his dynasty and to resolve the succession problem. | 21 | |
| 6532126348 | Harun al-Rashid | most famous of the Abbasid caliphs (786-809); renowned for sumptuous and costly living recounted in The Thousand and One Nights. | 22 | |
| 6532126349 | Buyids | Persian invaders of the 10th century; captured Baghdad; and as sultans, throughAbbasid figureheads. | 23 | |
| 6532126350 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th centuryin the name of the Abbasids. | 24 |
