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| 3335817424 | Hongwu | First Ming emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholar-gentry | 0 | |
| 3335818789 | mandarins | elite group of wealthy Confucian scholars who ran the Chinese civil service bureaucracy | 1 | |
| 3335828979 | monarchies | Countries ruled by a king or queen | 2 | |
| 3335819515 | Yongle Encyclopedia | Ming - China - collection of Chinese philosophical, literary, and historical texts. | 3 | |
| 3335819516 | Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 4 | |
| 3335820326 | Renaissance | "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome | 5 | |
| 3335821041 | Prince Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire. | 6 | |
| 3335821042 | Maya | Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. | 7 | |
| 3335822284 | chinampas | Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields. | 8 | |
| 3335822987 | Toltecs | Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization. | 9 | |
| 3335822988 | Lake Texcoco | Lake where the capital city of the ancient Aztecs Tenochtitlan was built | 10 | |
| 3335825866 | Aztecs | Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax. | 11 | |
| 3335825867 | Inca | Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru | 12 | |
| 3335825868 | khipu | System of knotted colored cords used by preliterate Andean peoples to transmit information. | 13 | |
| 3335827083 | Andes Mountains | the largest mountain range in the world; home of the Chavin and Inca civilizations. | 14 | |
| 3335827724 | Cuzco | The capital city of the Incan Empire, Located in present-day Peru | 15 | |
| 3335827725 | Anasazi | A Native American who lived in what is now southern Colorado and Utah and northern Arizona and New Mexico and who built cliff dwellings | 16 | |
| 3335828270 | Allyu | The rural communities formed by the peasants of the Incas. | 17 | |
| 3335828271 | mit'a | Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations. | 18 |
