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| 11135791837 | Abbasid | Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 C.E. | 0 | |
| 11135791838 | Baghdad | Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon | 1 | |
| 11135795654 | Viziers | Prime ministers in the Abbasid Empire | 2 | |
| 11135799160 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic people from central Asia who converted to Islam and took command of the empire in 1055 | 3 | |
| 11135802878 | Sultan | Muslim ruler | 4 | |
| 11135805334 | Mamluks | Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to the early sixteenth centuries | 5 | |
| 11135808926 | Cordoba | Capital of Muslim Spain | 6 | |
| 11135812722 | Battle of Tours | (732 CE) European victory over Muslims. It halted Muslim movement into Western Europe. | 7 | |
| 11135815709 | Muhammad | The last prophet who lived in the desert lands of the Arabian Peninsula | 8 | |
| 11135824219 | Bedouins | small groups of nomadic people in Arabia | 9 | |
| 11135824220 | Polygyny | having more than one wife at a time | 10 | |
| 11135837615 | Allah | God of Islam | 11 | |
| 11135837616 | Mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace | 12 | |
| 11135841919 | Quran (Koran) | The holy book of Islam | 13 | |
| 11135841920 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. | 14 | |
| 11135847715 | Hegira | Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina | 15 | |
| 11135851529 | Ka' aba | the cube shaped shrine in Mecca believed to be built by Abraham | 16 | |
| 11135857546 | Five pillars | beliefs that all Muslims needed to carry out: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage | 17 | |
| 11135851530 | People of the Book | what Muslims called Christians and Jews which means that they too only believe in one god | 18 | |
| 11135862367 | Ramadan | the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset. | 19 | |
| 11135857547 | Jihad | A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal | 20 | |
| 11135867380 | Shariah | Islamic code of law | 21 | |
| 11135867381 | Abu Bakr | first caliph after death of Muhammad (father in law) | 22 | |
| 11135867429 | Caliph | head of state | 23 | |
| 11135870053 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites (cousin and son-in-law0 | 24 | |
| 11135870054 | Sunnis | Supporters of Abu Bakr | 25 | |
| 11135870055 | Shias | Supporters of Ali | 26 | |
| 11135874943 | Dar al-Islam | Refers to all of Islamic culture, including Shia and Sunni | 27 | |
| 11135890756 | Umayyad Dynasty | A Sunni dynasty that controlled the largest territory of anyone since the Roman Empire; capital is Damascus | 28 | |
| 11135890757 | Damascus | Syrian city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate | 29 | |
| 11135899460 | Dhows | Large ships that were developed in India and China | 30 | |
| 11135899461 | Averroes | Muslim philosopher who used Greek philosophy to explain Islamic truth. | 31 | |
| 11135899459 | Imam | (Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque | 32 | |
| 11135908347 | Omar Khayyam | Author of the Rubaiyat | 33 | |
| 11135948911 | The Rubaiyat | Epic poem of Omar Khayyam; seeks to find meaning in life and a path to union with the divine | 34 | |
| 11135903142 | Alhambra | a palace and fortress built in Granada by the Muslims in the Middle Ages | 35 | |
| 11135919016 | Dowries | the property a woman brings to her husband at marriage | 36 | |
| 11136247054 | Ibn Rushd | a scholar who put all knowledge, except the Quran, to the test of reason | 37 | |
| 11135928419 | Sufis | Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions | 38 | |
| 11135919015 | Female Infanticide | the killing of baby girls | 39 | |
| 11137560424 | Harem | a dwelling set aside for wives, concubines and the children of these women | 40 | |
| 11135922755 | Hijab | The practice of dressing modestly or to a specific type of covering | 41 |
