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| 3713128586 | Yanas | A class of people in the Incan society removed from their ayllus to serve permanately as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or the nobility | 0 | |
| 3713128587 | Twantinsuyu | Divided into four great provinces under a governor, then divided again in order to maintain control of the empire. This was one part of a state bureaucracy in which almost all nobles participated in | 1 | |
| 3713128588 | Calpulli | By the time the Aztecs came to power in the Valley of Mexico, the traditional _______ provided the empire with a bureaucratic institution which helped the empire function smoothly. | 2 | |
| 3713128589 | Cahokia | Located near the confluence of the Missouri, Mississippi, and Ohio rivers, _______ seems to have replicated at least some aspects of traditional Mesoamerican political and commercial centers | 3 | |
| 3713128590 | Topiltzin | A Toltec and religious leader, ________ was apparently a priest dedicated to the god Quetzalcoatl who lost a power struggle and went into exile. When Cortez arrived in Mexico, the Aztec leaders though 'Quetzalcoatl' had returned. | 4 | |
| 3713128591 | Flower Wars | Within central Mexico the Aztecs left a few territories unconquered so that _______ could be staged in which both sides could obtain captives for sacrafice | 5 | |
| 3713128592 | Milpa | Based on the ancient agricultural methods of Maya and other Mesoamerican peoples, _______ agriculture was used to produce maize, beans, and squash- the mainstays of Mesoamerican diet. | 6 | |
| 3713128593 | Chinampas | To enhance their surplus agriculture, the Aztecs adopted a system of irrigated agriculture by building ________- artificial floating islands which made possible the harvesting of four corn crops per year | 7 | |
| 3713128594 | Pachacuti | In 1438 Incan armies, led by _______, launched a series of military alliances and campaigns that brought them control of the region from Cuzco to Lake Titicaca- thus initiating the Incan Empire | 8 | |
| 3713128595 | Teotihuacan | Just as the Romans venerated the Greek pantheon of gods, so too did the Aztec venerate the pantheon of gods which had existed as far back as the time of _______ | 9 | |
| 3713128596 | Pueblo Bonito | An important religious and commercial center in the American Southwest, _______ apparently has strong commercial ties with the Valley of Mexico during the period of the Toltec | 10 | |
| 3713128597 | Cult of the ancestors | Extremely important in Inca belief, _______ required that deceased rulers be mummified and then treated as intermediaries with the gods | 11 | |
| 3713128598 | Quipu | A system of knotted strings utilized by the Inca in lieu of a writing system, the _______ could contain numerical and other kinds of information for censuses and financial records | 12 | |
| 3713128599 | Flowery Death | In Aztec society, the _______ ensured eternity in the highest heaven for both men and women | 13 | |
| 3713128600 | Temple of the Sun | Located in Cuzco, the _______ was the center of the Incan state religion, and is where the mummies of past Incas were kept | 14 | |
| 3713128601 | Huitzilopochtil | Represented by the Aztec god _________, Mesoamerica's traditional cult of warfare and sacrafice had become the "cult" of the militaristic Aztec state- a cult that demanded blood - or "precious water"- to sustain Aztec gods | 15 | |
| 3713128602 | Mita | Unlike the Aztecs, the Incas did not demand tribute in kind, but rather exacted labor on the lands assigned to the state and religion. These labor turns, _______, were an essential aspect of Inca control | 16 | |
| 3713128603 | Aztec Tribute Systsem | In the _______, payments served both an economic and political function by concentrating power and wealth in the Aztec capital | 17 | |
| 3713128604 | Split inheritance | Due to the Inca practice of _______, each new Inca needed to secure land and wealth- normally as a result of new conquests- in order to ensure his own cult and place in eternity | 18 | |
| 3713128605 | Pochteca | A specialized merchant class in Aztec society, the _______ specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items and also acted as the "eyes and ears" (unofficial spies) of the Aztec leadership in far off regions where they traded | 19 | |
| 3713128606 | Huitzilopochtil | Military success seems to have persuaded the Aztec that _______ considered them the chosen people and as military successes mounted, Aztec priests demanded more and more sacrificial victims to appease their god | 20 | |
| 3713128607 | Spanish Mita | Drawing heavily upon the labor traditions upon earlier Native American empires, the _______ provided the Spanish landowners with labor, while at the same time strengthening the position of the crown in New Spain and Peru | 21 | |
| 3713128608 | Chinampa | In order to feed its population, Tenochtitlan relied upon _______ agriculture, a technology which allowed the Aztec to take advantage of their location on Lake Texococo | 22 | |
| 3713128609 | Gold | When Spanish explorers located exceptionally rich deposits of _______ in New Spain and Peru, the Spanish Caribbean became a sleepy backwater of the Spanish empire | 23 | |
| 3713128610 | Flowery Death | In Aztec society, the bearing of children was elevated to the point that women who died in childbirth won the same fame as warriors who died valiantly on the battlefield- a _______ | 24 | |
| 3713128611 | Tribute System | The Aztec _______ was one means of reminding conquered people a reminder of their status, and was also used to fill the Aztec markets with a diversity of goods | 25 | |
| 3713128612 | Castas | The contact between Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans eventually produced large numbers of _______ in colonial Latin America | 26 | |
| 3713128613 | Plantation Agriculture | Initially Portuguese colonists practiced ________ in Brazil, an economic practice that required large numbers of slaves for labor | 27 | |
| 3713128614 | Inca | A magnificent and extensive road system enabled the _______ central government at Cuzco to communicate with all parts of its far-flung empire | 28 | |
| 3713128615 | Sugar cane | Being introduced into the Caribbean in 1493, _______ became the driving force behind the colonization of Brazil for over a century only to be by-passed by various Caribbean colonies in the 17th century | 29 | |
| 3713128616 | Toltec | Just as the Romans embraced much of Classical Greek culture, the Aztec did likewise with the _______ culture | 30 | |
| 3713128617 | Recopliación | The body of laws for governing Spanish America, the _______, was so large and varied that it took almost an entire century to complete it | 31 | |
| 3713128618 | Encomienda | In the early days of Spain's American empire, recruitment of labor came through the _______, a system which gave the Spanish settlers the right to compel the indigenous people to come work in their mines and fields | 32 | |
| 3713128619 | Triple Alliance | The main objective of the _______ was to exact tribute from subject people throughout the Valley of Mexico and nearby regions | 33 | |
| 3713128620 | Ayllus | Ranging in size from small Inca villages to larger towns, _______ consisted of several families living together sharing land, tools, animals, crops, and work | 34 | |
| 3713128621 | Gold | In 1695, _______ was discovered at 'Minas Gerais', thus bringing about a major shift in Brazil's economy from agriculture to mining | 35 | |
| 3713128622 | Pochteca | To enhance trade within the Aztec empire, the elite entrusted some of the tribute items to officially recognized merchants, _______, who took them to distant lands and traded them for local products | 36 | |
| 3713128623 | Treaty of Tordisillas | Migrated by the Church as the behest of the Papacy, the ________ divided the world into two spheres of influence, that of Spain and that of Portugal | 37 | |
| 3713128624 | Merchants | Rather than generate a large class of _______, Incan administrators organized the exchanges of various goods between the diverse regions of the empire | 38 | |
| 3713128625 | Calpulli | With the passage of time, ancestry became less important to the nature of the ________ than the fact that groups of families lived together in communities, organized their own affairs, and allocated community property to family | 39 |
