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| 243896068 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code | 0 | |
| 243896069 | Theodora | Justinian's wife; helped him run the empire | 1 | |
| 243896070 | Belisarius | one of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of reconquest of Western Europe; commended in North Africa and Italy | 2 | |
| 243896071 | Greek fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals (petroleum, quicklime, sulfur) that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople | 3 | |
| 243896072 | Basil II | revived the Byzantine Empire; "Bulgar Slayer" | 4 | |
| 243896073 | Leo III | Believing that icons encouraged superstition and idol-worship, in A.D. 726 this emperor ordered all icons removed from the churches. | 5 | |
| 243896074 | St. Cyril and St. Methodius | Missionaries to the Slavs, credited with the Slavic Alphabet | 6 | |
| 243896075 | St. Basil | wrote rules for monks in 357; though people should live a simple lifestyle | 7 | |
| 243896076 | theme system | This system divided the Byzantine Empire into different districts that were each led by a general, they were created so that the military could respond quickly to attacks, also peasants who joined the army were given plots of land, thereby increasing the free peasant class. | 8 | |
| 243896077 | Charlemagne | Frankish king who conquered most of Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800 | 9 | |
| 243896078 | iconoclasm | The breaking of images; a religious controvery of the 8th century; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to surpress icon veneration | 10 | |
| 243896079 | patriarch | title for the heads of the Eastern Orthodox Churches (in Istanbul and Alexandria and Moscow and Jerusalem) | 11 | |
| 243896080 | Eastern Orthodox Church | Christian followers in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire); split from Roman Catholic Church and shaped life in eastern Europe and western Asia | 12 | |
| 243896081 | Cyrillic alphabet | An alphabet for the writing of Slavic languages, devised in the ninth century A.D. by Saints Cyril and Methodius | 13 | |
| 243896082 | Prince Vladimir of Kiev | He was the Russian prince who selected Greek Orthodoxy as the national religion. This added cultural bonds to the Byzantine Empire to the already existing commercial ties | 14 | |
| 243896083 | Fourth Crusade | (1202 - 1204) Crusade which by a strange series of events attacked and sacked Constantinople, causing damage to Byzantine Empire | 15 | |
| 243896084 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. (p. 277) | 16 | |
| 243896085 | Tang dynasty | considered the golden age of Chinese civilization and ruled for nearly 300 years; China grew under the dynasty to include much of eastern Asia, as well as large parts of Central Asia | 17 | |
| 243896086 | Tang Taizong | Second emperor of Tang dynasty (r. 627-649 CE); Murdered two brothers, thrust father aside to take throne; Strong ruler: Built capital at Chang'an, maintained law and order, kept taxes and prices low; More effective implementation of earlier Sui policies; ruled during high point of art and culture | 18 | |
| 243896087 | Song dynasty | (960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military. | 19 | |
| 243896088 | Sui dynasty | The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China | 20 | |
| 243896089 | Fast-ripening rice | acquired by Chinese through trade with Vietnam. ripens twice a year, which allowed farmers to harvest more crops. allowed China's population to expand | 21 | |
| 243896090 | foot binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | 22 | |
| 243896091 | Shinto | the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma | 23 | |
| 243896092 | Minamoto | Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government in 12th-century Japan. | 24 | |
| 243896093 | shogun | a hereditary military dictator of Japan | 25 | |
| 243896094 | Nara | capital of the Japanese Yamato emperors; modeled on the Tang capital, Changan | 26 | |
| 243896095 | Kamakura | Yorimoto's capital during his shogunate, destroyed in 1331 | 27 | |
| 243896096 | Samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy | 28 | |
| 243896097 | Song Taizu | First Song dynasty emperor who reigned from 960-976 CE. He focused his rule on civil administration, industry, education, and the arts rather than on military affairs. Inaugurated bureaucracy of merit. | 29 | |
| 243896098 | Heian Japan | A period in time where cultural development took place. Japan's ideas, traditions, and culture, was influence by Chinese cultures. | 30 | |
| 243896099 | Tokugawa dynasty | This Dynasty ended Japan's medieval period. Centralized power and unified Japan in the sixteenth century | 31 | |
| 243896100 | equal-field system | Agricultural reform favoring the peasants under the Tang dynasty in China, inheritance system where 1/5 of the land when to the peasant's descendants and the rest went to the government. | 32 | |
| 245614773 | Islam | A monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in 7th century, means "submission to the will of Allah" | 33 | |
| 245614774 | Hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca; one of the Five Pillars of Islam | 34 | |
| 245614775 | Sharia | the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed | 35 | |
| 245614776 | Caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth | 36 | |
| 245614777 | Abu Bakr | First caliph of Islam after the death of Muhammad | 37 | |
| 245614778 | shia | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 38 | |
| 245614779 | sunni | A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 39 | |
| 245614780 | Umayyad | First Arabic dynasty (661-750), with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east. | 40 | |
| 245614781 | Abbasid | dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years they maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic civilization and culture flourished | 41 | |
| 245614782 | Saljuq | most important of the nomadic Turkish peoples who, in the eleventh century sent waves of invaders into Anatolia. in 1071 they subjected the Byzantine army to a demoralizing defeat at the Battle of Manzikert | 42 | |
| 245614783 | sultan | military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country | 43 | |
| 245614784 | sakk | a muslim invention, a letter of credit similar to a check | 44 | |
| 245614785 | madrasas | Islamic institutions of higher education that originated in the tenth century. | 45 | |
| 245614786 | Arabic numerals | A written number system created during the Gupta golden age in India, then adopted by the Islamic Empire before spreading further. Used throughout western civilization today. | 46 | |
| 245614787 | dar al-Islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule | 47 | |
| 245614788 | jihad | "struggle", a doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as "Holy War," Jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up the religious standards set by the Qu'ran. | 48 | |
| 245614789 | Umma | the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan | 49 |
