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| 111453086 | Columbus, Christopher | Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; successfully sailed to new World and returned in 1492; initialed European discoveries in Americas | 0 | |
| 111453087 | Cape Colony | Dutch colony established at Cape off Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire; by 1880 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with Bantus | 1 | |
| 111453088 | Calcutta | Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent; located on Ganges; captures in 1756 during early part of Seven Years War, later became administrative center for all of Bengal | 2 | |
| 111453089 | Dutch East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in Asia; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed | 3 | |
| 111453090 | Cape of Good Hope | Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India. | 4 | |
| 111453091 | Seven Years War | Fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763; resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America | 5 | |
| 111453092 | World Economy | Established by Europeans by the 16th century; based on control of seas, including the Atlantic and Pacific; created international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactures products | 6 | |
| 111453093 | Treaty of Paris | Arranged in 1863 following Seven Years War; granted New France to England in exchange for return of French sugar island in Caribbean | 7 | |
| 111453094 | Core nations | Nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping, exported manufactured goods for war materials. | 8 | |
| 111453095 | Mercantilism | Economic theory that stressed governments promotion of limitation of imports form other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe | 9 | |
| 111453096 | Balboa, Vasco de | First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains. | 10 | |
| 111453097 | Lepanto | Naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire resulting in a Spanish victory in 1571 | 11 | |
| 111453098 | Mestizos | people of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and south America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain; often part of forced labor system | 12 | |
| 111453099 | Pizarro, Francisco | Led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish. | 13 | |
| 111453100 | Boers | Dutch settlers in Cape Colony, in southern Africa. | 14 | |
| 111453101 | New France | French colonies in north America; extended from St. lawrence River along Great Lakes and down Mississippi River valley system. | 15 | |
| 111453102 | British East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed. | 16 | |
| 111453103 | Magellan, Ferdinand | Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed Spain to claim Philippines | 17 |
