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| 208791199 | Qin | A people and state in the Wei Valley of eastern China that conquered rival states and created the first Chinese empire (221-206 B.C.E.). The Qin ruler, Shi Huangdi, standardized many features of Chinese society and enslaved subjects. (163) | 0 | |
| 208791200 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization. (163) | 1 | |
| 208791201 | Warring States Period | the period from 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC when regional warlords battled amongst eachother and there was no ruler | 2 | |
| 208791202 | Confucious | A Chinese philosopher of the Zhou Dynasty, developed a code of behavior based on old traditions, good behavior, and truth. | 3 | |
| 208791203 | Mencius | major follower of Confucius; stressed that humans were essentially good and that governments required the consent of their subjects. | 4 | |
| 208791204 | Sunzi | A 4th century BCE advisor to Chinese monarch, who wrote the classic treatise The Art of War. | 5 | |
| 208791205 | Laozi | the "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism) | 6 | |
| 208791206 | Daoism | Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature. | 7 | |
| 208791207 | Legalists | Chinese philosophy believed that people were evil by nature and that only strict laws and harsh punishments would make society better. | 8 | |
| 208791208 | Great Wall | Chinese defensive fortification built to keep out northern nomadic invaders; began during the reign of Shi Huangdi. | 9 | |
| 208791209 | Liu Bang | helped overthrow Qin dynasty, 1st emperor of the Han dynasty, was born a peasant and worked way up to emperor | 10 | |
| 208791210 | Han | imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy | 11 | |
| 208791211 | Scholar-gentry | Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China. | 12 | |
| 208791212 | Secret Societies | Chinese peasant organizations; provided financial support in hard times and physical protection in case of disputes with local aristocracy. | 13 | |
| 208791213 | Forbidden City | a walled section of Beijing that encloses the palace that was formerly the residence of the emperor of China | 14 | |
| 208791214 | Wang Mang | ruled for a child emporer then takes over (9 AD - 23 AD) sets up graineries for the poor, new money, because of land reforms people didn't like him; 11AD = bad flood (he was blamed); he was assasinated | 15 | |
| 208791215 | Eunuchs | castrated males used within households of Chinese emperors, usually to guard his concubines; became a political counterbalance to powerful marital relatives during later Han rule. | 16 |
