Terms : Hide Images
| 8137477716 | Caesaropapism | Political-religious system secular ruler head of religious establishment, Byzantine Empire. | 0 | |
| 8137477717 | Byzantine Empire | Surviving eastern Roman Empire during the medieval centuries; named after ancient Greek city, site of which Roman emperor Constantine founded a new capital, Constantinople, in 330 C.E. | 1 | |
| 8137477718 | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | noted for subordination of Church to political authorities, married clergy, use of leavened bread in Eucharist, and insistence on church councils as ultimate authority in Christian belief and practice. | 2 | |
| 8137477719 | Charlemagne | Ruler of Carolingian Empire (r. 768-814) staged imperial revival in Western Europe. | 3 | |
| 8137477720 | Constantinople | New capital for eastern half of Roman Empire, established Emperor Constantine(330 C.E.) on site of ancient Greek city of Byzantium | 4 | |
| 8137477721 | Roman Catholic Christianity | Western European branch of Christianity gradually defined itself separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with major break(1054 C.E) still not been healed | 5 | |
| 8137477722 | Crusades | Modern term meaning "ventures of the cross," used to describe "holy wars" waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until end of Middle Ages and beyond | 6 | |
| 8137477723 | Cyrillic | Alphabet based on Greek letters that developed by two Byzantine missionaries, Cyril and Methodius, to write Slavic languages. | 7 | |
| 8137477724 | Cyril and Methodius | Ninth-century Byzantine missionaries to Slavs development of script made it possible to write Slavic languages. | 8 | |
| 8137477725 | European cities | Western Europe saw major urbanization in 11th century, towns created major trade networks & notable for high degree of independence they often enjoyed. | 9 | |
| 8137477726 | Greek fire | Form of liquid fire sprayed at enemy; invented by Byzantines and very important in efforts to halt Arab advance into Byzantine territory. | 10 | |
| 8137477727 | Holy Roman Empire | Term invented in twelfth century to describe Germany-based empire founded by Otto I (962 C.E.) | 11 | |
| 8137477728 | Guild | association formed to pursue same line of work regulated professions; provided social and religious network for members. | 12 | |
| 8137477729 | hybrid civilization | distinctive path Western Europe in centuries following fall of western Roman Empire, leading to society included elements of ancient Rome, practices of Germanic invaders who formed new states, Christianity, and elements of pre-Roman culture still survived. | 13 | |
| 8137477730 | Iconoclasm | Destruction of holy images; term often used to describe Byzantine state policy of image destruction from 726 to 843. | 14 | |
| 8137477731 | Indulgence | Remission of penalty (penance) for confessed sin could granted only by pope, first to Crusaders and later for variety of reasons. | 15 | |
| 8137477732 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor (r. 527-565 C.E.) his short-lived re-conquest of much former western Roman Empire and his codification of Roman law. | 16 | |
| 8137477733 | Kievan Rus | emerged around Kiev (9th century); culturally diverse region included Vikings, Finnic and Baltic peoples. Conversion of Vladimir, Grand prince of Kiev, to Orthodox Christianity in 988 had long-term implications for Russia. | 17 | |
| 8137477734 | natural philosophy | Scientific study of nature, developed, in Europe, later Middle Ages. | 18 | |
| 8137477735 | Otto I | King of Germany (r. 936-973) consolidated German-northern Italian state, crowned emperor(962) = "Holy Roman Empire." | 19 | |
| 8137477736 | system of competing states | Western European political life developed after fall of western Roman Empire (5th century C.E.) existence of many small, independent states encouraged military and economic competition. | 20 | |
| 8137477737 | Vikings | Scandinavian raiders impacted Western Europe late 8th - 11th centuries; more peaceful cousins founded colonies, including Newfoundland, Greenland, and Iceland. | 21 | |
| 8137477738 | prince of Kiev Vladimir | Grand prince (r. 978-1015 C.E.) whose conversion to Orthodox Christianity led to incorporation of Russia into sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy. | 22 |
