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| 107772918 | Bactria | The ancient region stretching from the Hindu Kush mountain range to the ancient Ganhara region of the Indian subcontinent | 0 | |
| 107772919 | Barracks Emperors | Series of Roman generals who seized the throne between 235 and 284 C.E. | 1 | |
| 107772920 | Byzantine | Long-lasting empire centered at Constantinople; it grew out of the end of the Roman empire and carried legacy of Roman greatness and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age; it reached its early peak during the reign of Justinian (483--565) | 2 | |
| 107772921 | Edict of Milan | Emperor Constantine's 313 C.E. that Christianity was a legitimate religion. | 3 | |
| 107772922 | Karakorum | Capital of the Mongol empire | 4 | |
| 107772923 | Manichaeism | Religion founded by the prophet Mani in the third century C.E., a syncretic version of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Buddhist elements. | 5 | |
| 107772924 | Silk roads | Ancient trade routes that extended from the Roman empire in the west to China in the east. | 6 | |
| 107772925 | Zen Buddhism | Japanese version of Chinese Chan Buddhism, with an emphasis on intuition and sudden flashes of insight instead of textual study. | 7 | |
| 107772926 | Caesaropapism | Concept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church versus state controversy in medieval Europe. | 8 | |
| 107772927 | Constantinople | Capital of the Byzantine empire and a cultural and economic center | 9 | |
| 107772928 | Corpus iuris civilis | Body of the Civil Law, the Byzantine emperor Justinian's attempt to codify all Roman law. | 10 | |
| 107772929 | Council of Nicaea | Meeting of the Byzantine church (325 C.E.) at which Arianism was declared heresy. | 11 | |
| 107772930 | Crusades | Campaigns by Christian knights to seize the holy lands that led to trade with Muslims and the importation of Muslim ideas regarding science and mathematics | 12 | |
| 107772931 | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | Eastern branch of Christianity that evolved following the division of the Roman Empire and the subsequent development of the Byzantine Empire in the east and the medieval European society in the west. The church recognized the primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople. | 13 | |
| 107772932 | Greek Fire | Flammable substance used by Byzantine empire to repel Muslim attacks | 14 | |
| 107772933 | Hagia Sophia | Greek orthodox temple constructed by the Byzantine emperor Justinian and later converted into a mosque. | 15 | |
| 107772934 | Iconoclasts | Supporters of the movement, begun by the Byzantine Emperor Leo III (r. 717-741), to destroy religious icons because their veneration was considered sinful | 16 | |
| 107772935 | Saljuqs | Turkish tribe that gained control over the Abbasid empire and fought with the Byzantine empire | 17 | |
| 107772936 | Third Rome | Concept that a new power would rise up to carry the legacy of Roman greatness after the decline of the Second Rome, Constantinople; Moscow was referred to as the Third Rome during the fifteenth century | 18 | |
| 107772937 | Abbasid | Cosmopolitan Arabic dynasty (750-1258) that replaced the Umayyads; founded by Abu al-Abbas and reaching its peak under Harun al-Rashid | 19 | |
| 107772938 | Bedouins | Nomadic Arabic tribespeople | 20 | |
| 107772939 | Caliph | deputy," Islamic leader after the death of Muhammad | 21 | |
| 107772940 | Dar al-Islam | The "house of Islam," a term for the Islamic world. | 22 | |
| 107772941 | Five Pillars | The foundation of Islam; (1) profession of faith, (2) prayer, (3) fasting during Ramadan, (4) alms, and (5) pilgrimage, or hajj. | 23 | |
| 107772942 | Hajj | Pilgrimage to Mecca. | 24 | |
| 107772943 | Hijra | Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622, which is the beginning point of the Islamic calendar and is considered to mark the beginning of the Islamic faith | 25 | |
| 107772944 | Islam | Monotheistic religion of the prophet Muhammad (570-632); influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture; the Qu'ran is the holy book of Islam. | 26 | |
| 107772945 | Jizya | Tax in Islamic empires that was imposed on non-Muslims | 27 | |
| 107772946 | Ka'ba | Main shrine in Mecca, goal of Muslims embarking on the hajj. | 28 | |
| 107772947 | Mecca | City conquered by Muhammed in 630. He destroyed pagan shrines and erected mosques. | 29 | |
| 107772948 | Qu'ran | Islamic holy book that is believed to contain the divine revelations of Allah as presented to Muhammad. | 30 | |
| 107772949 | Shari'a | The Islamic holy law, drawn up by theologians from the Qu'ran, and accounts of Muhammad's life | 31 | |
| 107772950 | Shia | Islamic minority in opposition to the Sunni majority; their belief is that leadership should reside in the line descended from Ali. | 32 | |
| 107772951 | Sufis | Islamic mystics who placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rules | 33 | |
| 107772952 | Sunni | Traditionalists," the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared to the Shiite belief that only a descendent of Ali can lead. | 34 | |
| 107772953 | Umayyad | Arabic dynasty (661-750), with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east. | 35 | |
| 107772954 | Uighurs | Turkish Tribe | 36 | |
| 107772955 | Uigher Turks | Clerks, secretaries, and administrators for the Mongol Empire | 37 | |
| 107772956 | Tang Taizong | Chinese emperor (r. 627-649) who founded the Tang dynasty (618-907). | 38 | |
| 107772957 | Tale of Genji | Literary work of ancient Japan, written by Murasaki Shikibu. | 39 | |
| 107772958 | Sui | Dynasty (589-618) that constructed Grand Canal, reunified China, and allowed for the splendor of the Tang dynasty that followed. | 40 | |
| 107772959 | Song | Chinese dynasty (960-1279) that was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society. | 41 | |
| 107772960 | Shogun | Japanese military leader who ruled in place of the emperor. | 42 | |
| 107772961 | Shintoism | Indigenous Japanese religion that emphasizes purity, clan loyalty, and the divinity of the emperor | 43 | |
| 107772962 | Seppuku | A Japanese term for ritual suicide committed by the samurai when he had been dishonored | 44 | |
| 107772963 | Samurai | A Japanese warrior who lived by the code of bushido | 45 | |
| 107772964 | Neo-Confucianism | Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought; most important of the early Neo-Confucianists was the Chinese thinker Zhu Xi (1130-1200). | 46 | |
| 107772965 | Nara era | Japanese period (710-794), centered around city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence. | 47 | |
| 107772966 | Heian | Japanese period (794-1185), a brilliant cultural era notable for the world's first novel, Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji. | 48 | |
| 107772967 | Crand Cannal | Project that integrated the economies of northern and southern China | 49 | |
| 107772968 | Equal field system | Chinese system during the Han dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land. | 50 | |
| 107772969 | Bushido | The "way of the warrior," the code of conduct of the Japanese samurai that was based on loyalty and honor | 51 | |
| 107772970 | Angkor | Southeast Asian Khmer kingdom (889-1432) that was centered around the temple cities of Angkor Thom and Angkor Wat. | 52 | |
| 107772971 | Bhakti | Indian movement that attempted to transcend the differences between Hinduism and Islam. | 53 | |
| 107772972 | Chola | Southern Indian Hindu kingdom (850-1267), a tightly centralized state that dominated sea trade | 54 | |
| 107772973 | Dhow | Indian, Persian, and Arab ships, one hundred to four hundred tons, that sailed and traded throughout the Indian Ocean basin. | 55 | |
| 107772974 | Funan | An empire spanning the first to the sixth century C.E. in present-day Cambodia and Vietnam that adopted Sanskrit as its official language. | 56 | |
| 107772975 | Srivijaya | Southeast Asian kingdom (670-1025), based on the island of Sumatra, that used a powerful navy to dominate trade | 57 | |
| 107772976 | Sultanate of Delhi | Islamic state in northern India established by Mahmud's successors in 1206 C.E. that began to establish the presence of Islam on the Indian subcontinent. | 58 | |
| 107772977 | Vijayanagar | Southern Indian kingdom (1336-1565) that later fell to the Mughals. | 59 |
