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| 8547383326 | Yangdi | Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618 |  | 0 |
| 8547385501 | Li Yuan | (566-635) Also known as Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; 1st emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu. | 1 | |
| 8547388313 | Chang'an | Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million; larger than any other city in the world at the time |  | 2 |
| 8547389100 | Ministry of Rites | Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars | 3 | |
| 8547394098 | Jinshi | Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office | 4 | |
| 8547397151 | Pure Land Buddhism | Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society |  | 5 |
| 8547404412 | Chan Buddhism | Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society |  | 6 |
| 8547405834 | Zen Buddhism | Known as Chan Buddhism in China; stressed meditation and the appreciation of natural and artistic beauty |  | 7 |
| 8547410175 | Empress Wu | Tang ruler 690-705 C.E. in China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created |  | 8 |
| 8547412150 | Wuzong | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology | 9 | |
| 8547415012 | Xuanzong | Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713-755, although he encouraged overexpansion | 10 | |
| 8547417782 | Yang Guifei | (719-756) Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of her relatives into royal administration led to revolt |  | 11 |
| 8547421806 | Zhao Kuangyin | (r. 960-976) Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent |  | 12 |
| 8547444035 | Liao (lyow) Dynasty | Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China |  | 13 |
| 8547445963 | Khitans | Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century |  | 14 |
| 8547449871 | Zhu Xi | (1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action |  | 15 |
| 8547452101 | neo-Confucians | Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences | 16 | |
| 8547457066 | Tangut | Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of the regional kingdoms during period of southern Song conquered by Mongols in 1226 | 17 | |
| 8547458418 | Xi Xia | Kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry | 18 | |
| 8547460692 | Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society |  | 19 |
| 8547462145 | Jurchens | Founders of the Jin Kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to the south | 20 | |
| 8547464383 | Jin | Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended 1234 | 21 | |
| 8547467383 | Southern Song | Rump state of Song Dynasty from 1127-1279; carved out of the much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history |  | 22 |
| 8547469895 | Grand Canal | Built in the 7th century during reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long |  | 23 |
| 8547475870 | Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula |  | 24 |
| 8547477997 | Flying Money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage ; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency | 25 | |
| 8547479139 | Li Bo | (701-762) Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. The name is alternately spelled Li Po and Li Bai |  | 26 |
| 8603042470 | Footbinding | Practice in Chinese society of mutilating women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household; represented beauty and power |  | 27 |
