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| 279374893 | Taika reforms | attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army | 1 | |
| 279374894 | Tale of Genji | written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society | 2 | |
| 279374895 | Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power | 3 | |
| 279374896 | Bushi | regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies | 4 | |
| 279374897 | Samurai | mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor | 5 | |
| 279374898 | Seppeku | ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor | 6 | |
| 279374899 | Gempei Wars | Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira. | 7 | |
| 279374900 | Bakufu | Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai | 8 | |
| 279374901 | Shoguns | military leaders of the bakafu (military governments in Japan) | 9 | |
| 279374902 | Hojo | Warrior family closely allied with the Minamota; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamota rulers who claimed to rule in name of the Japanese Emperor at Kyoto. | 10 | |
| 279374903 | Ashikaga Takuaji | Member of the Minamota family; overthrew the Kamakuro regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino. | 11 | |
| 279374904 | Ashikaga Shogunate | The second of Japan's military governments headed by a shogun (a military ruler). Sometimes called the Muromachi Shogunate. (p. 365) | 12 | |
| 279374905 | Daimyos | Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of the Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded ministates | 13 | |
| 279374906 | Choson | earliest Korean Kingdom; conquered by han emperor in 109 BCE | 14 | |
| 279374907 | Koguryo | tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification | 15 | |
| 279374908 | Sinification | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam. | 16 | |
| 279374909 | Silla | Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668. | 17 | |
| 279374910 | Yi | Korean dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence. | 18 | |
| 279374911 | Trung sisters | Leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39 c.e.; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society. | 19 | |
| 279374912 | Khmers | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south | 20 | |
| 279374913 | Chams | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south. | 21 | |
| 279374914 | Nguyen | Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue. | 22 | |
| 279374915 | Heian | Capital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated | 23 |
