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| 6632692578 | Byzantine Empire | The eastern portion of the Roman Empire which survived beyond the collapse of the Roman Empire with its capital at Constantinople; retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek; later lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam. | 0 | |
| 6632699548 | Constantinople | Capital of the Byzantine Empire; constructed on the site of Byzantium, an old Greek city on the Bosporus. | 1 | |
| 6632699549 | Justinian | 6th-century Byzantine emperor; failed to reconquer the western portions of the empire; rebuilt Constantinople; codified Roman law. | 2 | |
| 6632700784 | Theodora | Justinian's power-hungry wife. She stiffened Justinian's resolve in response to popular unrest and pushed the plans for expansion. | 3 | |
| 6632703832 | Hagia Sophia | New church constructed in Constantinople during reign of Justinian | 4 | |
| 6632704287 | Belisarius | (c. 505-565) One of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of reconquest of western Europe; commanded in north Africa and Italy | 5 | |
| 6632704288 | Greek fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back the Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople | 6 | |
| 6632705400 | Bulgaria | Slavic kingdom established in northern portions of Balkan peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014. | 7 | |
| 6632712213 | icon | An icon is an artisitc represnetation, usually of a religious figure | 8 | |
| 6632712550 | Eastern orthodox | Branch of Christianity that developed in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire and gradually separated from the branch of Christianity dominant in Western Europe | 9 | |
| 6632712551 | schism | 1054 - split the Christian Church into the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church, each with different doctrine. | 10 | |
| 6632713145 | Cyril | (827-869) Along with Methodius, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Chrisitanity; responsible for creation of written script of Slavic known as Cyrillic. | 11 | |
| 6632713146 | Methodius | (826-885) Along with Cyril, missionary sent by Byzantine governmnet to eastern Europe and the Balkans; coverted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic. | 12 | |
| 6632713872 | Cyrillic | Alphabet based on Greek letters that was developed by two Byzantine missionaries, Cyril and Methodius, to write Slavic languages | 13 | |
| 6632713873 | Slavs | Indo-European peoples who ultimately dominated much of the eastern Europe; formed regional kingdoms by the 5th century C.E. | 14 | |
| 6632714430 | Kiev | Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century. | 15 | |
| 6632715000 | Rurik | Legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E. | 16 | |
| 6632715001 | Kievan Rus' | The predecessor to modern Russia; a medieval state that existed from the end of the 9th to the middle of the 13th century; its territory spanned parts of modern Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. | 17 | |
| 6632718390 | Vladimir I | Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity. | 18 | |
| 6632719265 | Russian orthodox | Russian form of Christianity brought from the Byzantine Empire. | 19 | |
| 6632719266 | boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts. | 20 | |
| 6632720435 | Yaroslav the Wise | (978-1054) Last of great Kievan monarchs; issued legal codification based on formal codes developed in Byzantium | 21 | |
| 6632721031 | Tatars | Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact. | 22 |
